Carbamate nerve agents effects

The topmost layer of unprotected feedstock (e.g., hay or grain) should be destroyed. The remaining material should be quarantined until tested. Carbamate nerve agents are very persistent and forage vegetation could still retain sufficient agent to produce severe effects... 

Even though carbamate nerve agents are rapidly detoxified or eliminated from the body, exposures may have a cumulative effect in the short-term, placing all responders who entered the hot zone without appropriate chemical protective clothing at increased risk during the remainder of the emergency. 

Although bicyclophosphates do not inhibit acetylcholinesterase, they exhibit a synergistic toxic effect with materials that do. Individuals who have had previous exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors such as nerve agents and commercial organophosphate or carbamate pesticides may be at a greater risk from exposure to bicyclophosphates. 

Notes X = A known adverse effect by an agent CNS = Central nervous system ANS = Autonomic nervous system CV = Cardiovascular system PB = Pyridostigmine bromide OP = Organophosphates CB = Carbamates Pyreth = Pyrethroids Lind = Lindane NA = Nerve agents Mus = Mustard agents Du = Depleted uranium. 

Nerve Agents are the most toxic of the known chemical agents. Solids, liquids or vapors from these agents are hazardous and can cause death within minutes after exposure. Nerve Agents disrupt the function of the nervous system by interfering with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The major effects will be on skeletal muscles, certain organs, and the central nervous system. These compounds are similar to, but much more deadly than, agricultural carbamate pesticides. 

Anderson, D.R. et al. Effects of suhacute pretreatment with carbamate together with adjunct pretreatment against nerve agent exposure. Drug Chem. Toxicol., 14, 1, 1991. 

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