Carb-20. Aldonic Acids

Aldonic acids are divided into aldotrionic acid, aldotetronic acids, aldopentonic acids, aldohexonic acids, etc., according to the number of carbon atoms in the chain. The names of individual compounds of this type are formed by replacing the ending -ose of the systematic or trivial name of the aldose by -onic acid . 

Salts are named by changing the ending -onic acid to -onate , denoting the anion. If the counter ion is known, it is given before the aldonate name. 

Esters derived from the acid function are also named using the ending -onate . The name of the alkyl (aryl, etc.) group is given before the aldonate name. Alternative periphrase names like aldonic acid alkyl (aryl, etc.) ester may be suitable for an index. 

Amides are designated by the ending -onamide , and nitriles by the ending -ononitrile . 

A/-Dimethyl-L-xylonamide Methyl 3-deoxy-D-fhreo-pentonate 

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Monocarboxylic acids formally derived from aldoses by replacement of the aldehydic group by a carboxy group are termed aldonic acids (see 2-Carb-20). 

Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group are called ketoaldonic acids (see 2-Carb-21). 

Esters, lactones, lactams, acyl halides etc. are named by modifying the ending -ic acid as described for aldonic acids (2-Carb-20.2). 

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