Camphene derivatives, formation

Camphene is found in higher concentrations in the essential oils of common coniferous trees, for example, Abies alba or Tetraclinis articulata, in the rhizome of Zingiber officinale as well as in S. officinalis and R. officinalis (Bornscheuer et al 2014). There is only one publication on various biotransformation products in the urine of rabbits after its oral administration. As shown in Figure 9.2, camphene is metabolized into two diastereomeric glycols (camphene-2,10-glycols). Their formation obviously involves two isomeric epoxide intermediates, which are hydrated by epoxide hydrolase. The monohydroxylated camphene and tricyclene derivatives were apparently formed through the nonclassical cation intermediate (Ishida et al., 1979). So far, there are no studies available about the biotransformation of camphene in humans. 

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