Calculation, percent product extraction

The calibrated m/z = 44 and m/z = 60 ion currents were converted into the respective partial reaction faradaic currents as described above, and are plotted in Fig. 13.3c as dashed (m/z = 44) and dash-dotted (m/z = 60) lines, using electron numbers of 6 electrons per CO2 molecule and 4 electrons per formic acid molecule formation. The calculated partial current for complete methanol oxidation to CO2 contributes only about one-half of the measured faradaic current. The partial current of methanol oxidation to formic acid is in the range of a few percent of the total methanol oxidation current. The remaining difference, after subtracting the PtO formation/reduction currents and pseudocapacitive contributions as described above, is plotted in Fig. 13.3c (top panel) as a dotted line. As mentioned above (see the beginning of Section 13.3.2), we attribute this current difference to the partial current of methanol oxidation to formaldehyde. This way, we were able to extract the partial currents of all three major products during methanol oxidation reaction, which are otherwise not accessible. 

Product Workup Procedures, A sample of the products was continuously extracted with THF and then with pyridine. Pyridine insolubles were analyzed for ash and conversions of MAF coal to pyridine solubles were calculated on the basis of the ash analyses and the mass recoveries. A mass recovery balance was calculated for each experiment. The mass recoveries averaged 97.8 percent. The mass and ash based conversions diverged by an average of only 2.7 percent. 

A countercurrent cascade allows for more complete removal of the solute, and the solvent is reused so less is needed. A schematic diagram of a countercurrent cascade is shown in Figure 13-20. All calculations will assume that the column is isothermal and isobaric and is operating at steady state, hi the usual design problem, the column tenperature and pressure, the flow rates and conpositions of streams F and S, and the desired composition (or percent removal) of solute in the raffinate product are specified. The designer is required to determine the number of equilibrium stages needed for the specified separation and the flow rates and conpositions of the oudet raffinate and extract streams. Thus, the known... 

Record the weight of product and calculate the percent yield. Determine the boiling point and refractive index (optional) of your material and compare your results with those reported in the literature for octane. Obtain an IR spectrum. Compare your results with those reported in the literature Aldrich Library ofIR Spectra and/or SciFinder Scholar). Also, compare your IR spectrum to that of the 1-octene starting material. Can you establish from the above data if your sample is contaminated by traces of the pentane extraction solvent If not, how would you go about determining the presence of this potential impurity ... 

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