Calcium crustal abundance

In Northern Spain and other Mediterranean regions where rain is not always dominated by soil minerals, Mg" originates from sea salt. Ezcurra et al. (1988) obtained a correlation of 0.81 for the Mg /Cl" pair in comparison to 0.47 in our case. Calcium of marine origin was estimated to be only 6.2% or 12.9 peq/l On the basis of crustal abundances of elements (Ichikuni, 1978), Ca" is twice the amoxints of Mg" in clay minerals, or 97.2 M q/1 Thus... 

Figure 13 TEQUIL model (Moller et aL, 1997) plots illustrating quantities of salts precipitated (in moles) as a function of fixed increment of solution evaporated for four bodies of brine in the Bonneville desert (initial solution chemistry and model output after Kohler, 2002). Note that relative abundances reflect the concentration of the starting fluid, which is appreciably greater for the West Pond and Shallow Brine Aquifer solutions than for the Great Salt Lake or Reynolds North crustal pore fluids. Of most significance is the ratio of sulfate and chloride salts. In this regard, note the similarities between the Great Salt Lake and West Pond brines. In contrast, the greater association of sulfate with calcium in the Reynolds...

Iron is the most abundant transition element in the Earth s crust and, in general, in all life forms. An outline of the distribution of iron in the Earth s crust is shown in Table 1.2. As can be seen, approximately one-third of the Earth s mass is estimated to be iron. Of course, only the Earth s crust is relevant for life forms, but even there it is the most abundant transition element. Its concentration is relatively high in most crustal rocks (lowest in limestone, which is more or less pure calcium carbonate). In the oceans, which constitute 70 percent of the Earth s surface, the concentration of iron is low but increases with depth, since this iron exists as suspended particulate matter rather than as a soluble species. Iron is a limiting factor in plankton growth, and the rich... 

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