Paracetamol Caffeine

Acetylsalicylic acid, caffeine, paracetamol/ plasma, urine HPLC UV Column pBondapak Cjg (300 X 3.9 mm, 10 pm) Mobile phase Solvent A ACN Solvent B water (gradient elution) Detection 2 = 280 nm Extraction SPE/column Cig/elution MeOH LOD 0.1-0.2 pg/ mL LOQ 0.15-0.2 pg/ mL [77]... 

Indrayanto, G. Sunarto, A. Adriani, Y. Simultaneous assay of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, caffeine, paracetamol, glycerylguaiacolate and chlorpheniramine in Silabat tablet using HPLC with diode array detection. J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal., 1995,13, 1555-1559... 

Fig. 13.9 Discrimination of standard solutions containing caffeine, paracetamol, or acetylsalicylic acid using a LDA model based on a subset of E-tongue sensors, selected by the SA variable selection algorithm.

Hence, the proposed potentiometric E-tongue seems adequate to quantify caffeine, paracetamol or acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceutical formulations, although validation of this device nsing real samples is still required. 

The analysis of APC tablets (a mixture of aspirin, phenacetin, and caffeine) has been a common undergraduate laboratory experiment. This experiment describes modifications to the standard analysis for APC tablets in which paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen) replaces phenacetin. 

This experiment focuses on developing an HPLG separation capable of distinguishing acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, salicylamide, caffeine, and phenacetin. A Gjg column and UV detection are used to obtain chromatograms. Solvent parameters used to optimize the separation include the pH of the buffered aqueous mobile phase, the %v/v methanol added to the aqueous mobile phase, and the use of tetrabutylammonium phosphate as an ion-pairing reagent. 

Amphetamines (speed sulph, sulphate, uppers, wake-ups, billy whizz, whizz, whites, base) are synthetic stimulants which as medicines have been formed into a variety of tablets. Their current medical use is very limited and in fact only dexamphetamine sulphate, Dexedrine, is now available for use solely in the treatment of narcolepsy. The only other amphetamine available for medical use is methylphenidate (Ritalin) for the treatment of attention deficit syndrome in children. As a street drug, amphetamine usually comes as a white, grey, yellowish or pinky powder. The purity rate of street powders is less than 10%, the rest being made up of milder stimulants such as caffeine, other drugs such as paracetamol or substances like glucose, dried baby milk, flour or talcum powder. 

Figure 5 Separation of pharmaceuticals, including amines, on strong cation exchange. Column 0.46 x 15 cm Merckosorb SI-60-SCX, 5 p. Eluent 50 mM aqueous ammonium formate-10% ethanol, pH 4.8. Flow 1 ml/min. Temperature 50°C. The peaks are (1) aspirin, (2) paracetamol, (3) phenacetin, (4) caffeine, (5) phenylephrine, (6) salbutamol. (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier Science from Cox, G. B., Loscombe, C. R., Slucutt, M. J., Sugden, K., and Upheld, J. A., /. Chromatogr., 117, 269, 1976).

Anadin Extra contains paracetamol, aspirin and caffeine, the latter being a mild stimulant that increases the absorption and activity of the analgesics, paracetamol and aspirin. 

Uniflu paracetamol, diphenhydramine, phenylephrine, codeine, caffein ascorbic acid... 

The principal xanthines of medical interest include caffeine, theophylline and aminophylline. Caffeine is synthesized by several plants and was originally isolated from tea in 1838. It is a methylxanthine (Figure 1.12) which stimulates the central nervous system, increasing mental alertness. It also acts as a diuretic and stimulates gastric acid secretion. It is absorbed upon oral administration and is frequently included in drugs containing an analgesic, such as aspirin or paracetamol. 

Following the development of the test, an in-house validation was conducted to evaluate the performance of FETAX compared to the results in the rat and/or rabbit. Thirteen reference chemicals were tested including eight compounds known to be teratogenic in rats and/or rabbits (caffeine, retinoic acid, hydroxyurea, ethanol, cyclophosphamide, nicotine, acetylsalicylic acid, dexametha-sone) and five non-teratogens (isoniazid, saccharin, paracetamol, penicillin G, sildenafil). The estimation of teratogenicity in rats and rabbits was based on published data (9). 

A 73-year-old man with diabetic gangrene who had used insulin and acarbose 300 mg/day for 15 months developed ileus with abdominal pain and vomiting after he took PL granules (containing salicylamide, paracetamol, anhydrous caffeine, and promethazine methylene disalicylate) for a common cold (51). The ileus subsided after acarbose and the other drugs were withdrawn. 

Salicylamide was determined at concentrations of 10-U00 ng with a maximum error of 7 6 by the ring-oven technique. Drugs such as paracetamol and caffeine did not interfere in the determination (72). 

G. Uurdakul, L. Ersoj, and S. Sungur, Comparision of HPLC and derivative spectrophotometric methods for the determination of paracetamol and caffeine in tablets, Pharmazie, 46 885 (1991). 

X. G. Fang, P. Shen, and S. Ghodbane, Mixed ion pair liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous assay of ascorbic acid, caffeine, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan HBr monohydrate and paracetamol in Frenadol sachets, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 72 85 (1994). 

The same experimental setup was used in the separation of metabolites of paracetamol from a human urine extract [73] and Thomapyrin, containing acetaminophen, caffeine, and acetylsalicylic acid [74], Compared to isocratic CEC—NMR, gradient CEC—NMR offers increased sample loading capacity because of preconcentration at the front of the column and higher separation efficiency together with a reduction in analysis time [75],... 

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