Conditioned factors, caffeine

Experimental demonstrations of the increments and decrements in arousal that can be produced by environmental conditions suggest a need to carefully examine this aspect of the literature concerned with the effects of caffeine on psychomotor performance. Variability in the environmental conditions and extraneous stimuli that differentiate experiments may have contributed substantially to the mixed results in that literature. Considerably more research, systematically varying environmental factors, and caffeine dosage levels will be needed before firm conclusions can be drawn in this area. 

If, on the other hand, the equilibrium solute concentration C is very low, leading to a correspondingly low value for Cj in equation (10.1), the energy and capital costs associated with the recompressor can become major factors in determining the separation cost. This will be seen to be the case, for example, in the hypothetical process for extracting crushed rape seed with subcritical carbon dioxide which is considered in section 10.6. It would also be true of the extraction of caffeine from coffee beans if pressure reduction was used to recover the caffeine. In cases such as these the most economic flow conditions and tower dimensions will be such that Ct is quite close to the equilibrium value C. ... 

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