Caesalpinia spinosa

Tara gum is the galactomannan obtained from the seed of Tara shrub, Caesalpinia spinosa, mostly found in northern Africa and Peru of South America. The main polysaccharide chain is formed of (1 4)-llnked 3-D-mannopyranosyl units, with single a-D-galactopyranosyl units attached with average three main chain units via (1 6]-linkages. Molecular weight of tara gum may fall between 300,000 and 1,000,000. It is 70% soluble in cold water and hydrated 100% at temperature above 80°C showing pseudoplastic behavior in solution. 

Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze [1], commonly known as tara, is a leguminous shrub [2] native of Peru. It is cultivated as a source of tannins and is cultivated as an ornamental plant because of its colorful flowers and inflorescences. C. spinosa is in the family Fabaceae. It is distributed in the northern and central of South America. Some scientific synonyms are Caesalpinia tinctoria, Poinciana spinosa, Caesalpinia pectinata, Coulteria tinctoria, Tara tinctoria, and Caesalpinia stipulata. It is also known by various common names such as taya, tara, guarango, cuica, vinilo, vainillo, acacia amarilla, and divi divi. It contains polysaccharide derivatives of mannose (neutral mucilage). C. spinosa produces a alactomannan... 

Caesalpinia spinosa is in the family Fabaceae [4] and was discovered in northwestern and center of South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and north Argentina (Jujuy and Salta) [5-17]. 

Figure 2.1 Caesalpinia spinosa tree, fruit, and flowers [17].

Once the pod tree [Caesalpinia spinosa) is harvested, it is washed and dried, and then the seed is removed from the pod. Following the separation, the separately ground pit shell, which is an extraordinary product, is exported as a raw material for the production of tannic acid, which is widely used in the chemical, paint, and high-quality fur industries and pharmaceuticals. The seeds, or the pips, after undergoing a thermal-mechanical process, result in a gum from the endosperm, which is an alternative to the traditional rubber in the global food industry, pharmaceuticals, paints, and varnishes, among others. This gum has been approved by resolution of September 26, 1996 (ECC N° E-417) by the European Community for use as a thickener and stabilizer in food for human consumption. Thus came into picture the global market for food hydrocolloids as an alternative product to the locust bean gum, produced in Spain and the Middle East. 

De la Cruz Lapa P. 2004. An integral and rational utility of tara (Caesalpinia spinosa—Caesalpinia tinctoria). Rev. Inst. Invest Fac. Minas Metal Cienc. Geogr., 7(14), 64-73. 

Basurto Rodriguez L. 2003. Todo sobre la Tara, Caesalpinia Spinosa o Caesalpinia Tinctoria, ALNICOLSA del Peru S. A. C., Callao, Peru, http //taninos.tripod.com/ goma. 

Duke J. A. 1981. Caesalpinia spinosa. In Handbook of Legumes of World Economic Importance. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 32-33. Rogers J. S., Beebe C. W. 1941. Leaching and tanning experiments with Tara pods./. Am. Leather Chem. Ass., 36, 525-539. 

Tara gum E417 Seed Caesalpinia spinosa Peru, Equador Galactomannan Sauces, soups, ketchups, dressings... 

P-D-Glucogallin = 1-0-Gallyl-P-D-glucose, Schmp. 207°, ao = -25° (Wasser) (232). Vorkommen Rhizom von Rheum palmatum (vgl. 80), Myrobalanen (Terminalia chebula), Tara (Fruchthiilsen von Caesalpinia spinosa) und andere (115). 

Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) Eriotheca mizii (K. Schum.) A. Robyns (Malvaceae-Bombacoideae) Erythrina falcata Benth. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)... 

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