CadD family

A.77.1.3 The Cadmium Resistance (CadD) Family CadD Lact. fermentum Halttunen et al. 2007... 

Of the heavy metal efflux systems, the CDF family predominates in all prokaryotic phyla examined, but the CadD family is well represented in Gram (+) bacteria (Table 4.11). CadD family members are not present in Gram (-) bacteria. On the other hand, within the RND superfamily. Heavy Metal Exporters (HME family) are well represented in Gram (-) but not in Gram (H-) bacteria. Neither family is represented in archaea. Thus, the CadD and HME families appear to occur in restricted prokaryotic phyla. Only one, but not both, is present in any one type of organisms (Table 4.11). 

There are numerous coupled atomistic-continuum modeling strategies, for example, peridynamics, a family of quasi-continuum (QC) methods, finite element adaptive techniques (FEAt), coupling-of-length scales (CLS) method, and coupled atomistic-and-discrete-dislocalion (CADD) method. The grand challenge of multiscale modeling is to connect atomic-scale processes to mesoscale and bulk continuum models. 

Heavy metal ions are both essential for life and toxic at high concentrations. Eight families of secondary active transporters are known to mediate divalent cation uptake and/or efflux (Nramp, VIT, ZIP, and NiCoT for uptake and CaCA, CDF, CadD, and RND/HME for efflux). In LAB, two of... 

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