C. diphtheriae

Tributyltin(IV) derivatives of six different pharmaceutically active carboxylates were synthesized and their antibacterial activities were tested using 10 different bacteria (B. cereus, C. diphtheria, E. C. ETEC, K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis, P. aeroginosa,... 

In diphtheria, the organism C. diphtheriae eonfmes itself to epithelial surfaces of the nose and throat and produces a powerfiil toxin which affects the elongation factor involved in protein biosynthesis. The heart and peripheral nerves are particularly affected resulhng in myocarditis (inflammation of the myocardium) and neuritis (inflammation of a nerve). Little damage is produeed at the infective site. 

Diphtheria (adsorbed) Cultures of C. diphtheriae in liquid medium 1 Separation and concentration of toxin 2 Conversion of toxin to toxoid 3 Adsorption of toxoid to adjuvant 3+3 quantal assay in guinea-pigs using intra-dermal challenge Inoculation of guinea-pigs to exclude residual toxin... 

Diphtheria causes a demyelinative neuropathy. Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae colonizes the pharynx or open wounds, and secretes a protein exotoxin. The B subunit of this exotoxin binds to plasma membranes and facilitates entry into cytosol of the A subunit, which catalyzes ADP-ribosylation, and inactivation of an elongation factor required for protein synthesis. Cardiac muscle and Schwann cells are particularly susceptible to this toxin, and hence patients with diphtheria develop cardiomyopathy and demyelinative polyneuropathy [20]. While diphtheria is now uncommon because of childhood immunization against C. diphtheriae, the disruption in preventative medicine programs caused by disintegration of the Soviet Union was followed by a substantial incidence of diphtheritic polyneuropathy in Russia. 

The molecular mechanisms by which Gram-positive bacteria such as C. diphtheriae acquire heme are not known. However, based on the similarities of heme transport with siderophore uptake in the Gram-... 

Erythromycin is effective against gram positive and few gram negative organisms which mainly includes pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci. Neisseria and some strains of C. diphtheriae, H. influenzae, Rickettsiae and Treponema. It is also effective against penicillin resistant staphylococci. 

It inhibits most of the gram positive cocci e.g. streptococci, staphylococci and pneumococci, C. diphtheriae, Actinomyces, Nocardia and Toxoplasma. 

It is mainly bacteriostatic and inhibits the growth of gram positive organisms which includes staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, C. diphtheriae and B. anthracis. Like erythromycin it act by interfering with protein synthesis. 

Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium (C. diphtheriae, diphtheria), Propionibacterium... 

CRM 9 is a mutant diphtheria toxin with a molecular weight of 60,000 secreted extracellularly from C. diphtheriae under certain growth conditions.7 Traditionally, this protein is captured on an anion-exchanger only after centrifugation, clarification, and extensive diafiltration, since the ionic strength of the medium is too high for direct adsorption (Fig. 6). When using the... 

FIGURE 7 Chromatography of C. diphtheria fermentation broth on expanded bed. Sixty liters of bacterial culture, diluted six times, were applied on 4 liters STREAMLINE DEAE in a STREAMLINE 200 column. After loading, the CRM 9 was eluted using 0.175 M KCI. 

TABLE 4 Capture-Step Comparison for Processing 40 Liters of C. diphtheria Culture for Production of CRM 9 Diphtheria Toxin... 

The mutant strains of C. diphtheriae that produced the CRM toxins were kindly provided by Drs. Neal Groman, John Murphy, and Richard Youle. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants CA49856, CA49254, and GM58235. 

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