By osmium complexes

Doyle MP (2004) Metal Carbene Reactions from Dirhodium(II) Catalysts. 13 203-222 Drudis-Sole G, Ujaque G, Maseras F, Lledds A (2005) Enantioselectivity in the Dihydroxyla-tion of Alkenes by Osmium Complexes. 12 79-107... 

B. Serra, A.J. Reviejo, C. Parrado and J.M. Pingarron, Graphite-Teflon composite bienzyme electrodes for the determination of L-lactate application to food samples, Biosens. Bioelectron., 14(5) (1999) 505-513. A.A.J. Torriero, E. Salinas, F. Battaglini and J. Raba, Milk lactate determination with a rotating bioreactor based on an electron transfer mediated by osmium complexes incorporating a continuous-flow/ stopped-flow system, Anal. Chim. Acta, 498(1-2) (2003) 155-163. 

A.A.J. Torriero, E. Salinas, F. Battaglini and J. Raba, Milk lactate determination with a rotating bioreactor based on an electron transfer mediated by osmium complexes incorporating a continuous-flow/stopped-flow system, Anal. Chim. Acta, 498 (2003) 155-163. 

Application of computaional methods to the enantioselective dihydroxylations of alkenes by osmium complexes have been reviewed with a special focus on methods used to study the origin of high enantioselectivity. The use of a vast number of computational techniques such as QM, MM, Q2MM, QM/MM, molecular dynamics, and genetic algorithms has been enumerated.98... 

Osmium-catalysed dihydroxylation has been reviewed with emphasis on the use of new reoxidants and recycling of the catalysts.44 Various aspects of asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes by osmium complexes, including the mechanism, acceleration by chiral ligands 45 and development of novel asymmetric dihydroxylation processes,46 has been reviewed. Two reviews on the recent developments in osmium-catalysed asymmetric aminohydroxylation of alkenes have appeared. Factors responsible for chemo-, enantio- and regio-selectivities have been discussed.47,48 Osmium tetraoxide oxidizes unactivated alkanes in aqueous base. Isobutane is oxidized to r-butyl alcohol, cyclohexane to a mixture of adipate and succinate, toluene to benzoate, and both ethane and propane to acetate in low yields. The data are consistent with a concerted 3 + 2 mechanism, analogous to that proposed for alkane oxidation by Ru04, and for alkene oxidations by 0s04.49... 

Cycloadditions are among the more common reactions of imido and 0x0 groups in catalytic transformations. Both [2+2] cycloadditions and [3+2] cycloadditions are well established. The [2+2] cycloaddition chemistry occurs during hydroaminations of alkynes, allenes, and strained olefins catalyzed by imido compounds. - The [3+2] cycloaddition reactions appear to occur during dihydroxylation and aminohydroxylation of olefins catalyzed by osmium complexes. ... 

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