By fluonnation

The preparation of aromatic fluorine compounds may be accomplished by direct fluorination or by fluonnation of organometallic intermediates. Tlte ipso fluorination of an aryl organometallic derivative with a positive fluorine reagent allows control over the regioselectivity of the fluorination and offers advantages in the preparation of F-labeled materials [II, 50],... 

Boron tnfluonde also reacts with hydroxy acndones to form difluoro boron complexes [111] (Table 28) Another route to fluoroboraties involves transhalogen-ation by fluonnation of the correspondmg chloro- and bromoboranes with lithium or potassium fluonde under mild conditions [112] (Table 29)... 

The basicities of amines, ethers, and carbonyl compounds are invariably decreased by fluonnation. 2,2,2-Tnfluoroethylamine (p f = 3.3 [61]) and C 5NH2 = -0.36 [62]) are about 10 times less basic than CH3CH2NH2 and CgH5NH2, respectively, and (CF3)2CHNH2 (p j, = 1 22 [71]) is over 10 times less basic than 1-C3H2NH2. The relative gas-phase acidities in Table 15 illustrate the large effect of fluonnation. Perfluoro-rerf-amines (R )3N and ethers R Rf have no basic character m solution [, 74], and CF3COCF3 is not protonated by superacids [72]. 

A number ol aryl trifluoromethyl ethers are synthesized by fluonnation of aryl chlorotkioformates with molybdenum hexafluoride. The reagents are progressively heated from -25 to 130 °C, and the products are distilled off. Molybdenum disulfide and carbon disulfide are the by-products [12] (equation 16)... 

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds containing alkylated amino groups can be cleaved by fluonnating agents Phenyldifluorophosphine is formed from the reaction of fV.MA. A -tetramethylphenylphosphonous amide and benzoyl fluoride [79] (equation 17). 

The size and shape of micelles also are affected by fluonnation Whereas hydrocarbon surfactants usually form spherical micelles, linear fluorocarbon surfactants tend to produce larger rodlike species [31, 32] This is attributed to two inherent characteristics of the (CFj), chain (1) it adopts a helical rather than a linear zigzag conformation [dd 34, 35,36], and (2) it is much suffer than the (CH2) chain J5 37, 38] The relatively stiff, helical (CF2) chains thus prefer cylindrical to spherical packing... 

Desflurane can be made by fluonnation of isoflurane with potassium fluonde [/J] or with bromine tnfluonde [14] (equation 2) Although approximately six times more desflurane than isoflurane is required for anesthesia, it achieves the anesthetic state and the patient recovers from this state more rapidly This feature seems to be of interest to some anesthesiologists One negative property is that it irritates the breathmg passageway, especially in children Desflurane is flammable at higher levels of anesthetic use It is the least metabolized of all the commercial anesthetics, producing tnfluoroacetic acid and fluonde ion [75]... 

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