Butyric acid, 4-chloro-3-hydroxy

Chloro-3-hydroxy-butyric acid ethyl ester... 

Barcelo and co-workers [208] used negative ion electrospray MS as the detector in the analysis of eight acidic herbicides (benazolin, bentazone, 4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxyacetic acid, 4-[4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy]butyric acid, 6- and 8-hydroxy-bentazone) in water. A C g column was used with a 30-min 20/80 —y 80/20 methanol/water (formic acid at pH 2.9) gradient. The detection limits were 0.03 pg/L. Co-elution of 6- and 8-hydroxybentazone occurred but these analytes were quantitated separately through the use of single ion monitoring (SIM). Excellent peak shapes were obtained and all other compounds were well resolved. 

Smaller organic anions Amino acids, alkane caiiwxylic acids (formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate), chloro carboxylic acids (chloroacetate, dichloroacetate), hydroxy acids (hydroxyacetate, lactate, tartrate, citrate), glycolate, gluconate, pyruvate, dicarboxylic acids (oxalate, malonate, succinate, glutarate, fumarate, maleate), alkanesulfonic acids (methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate). 

Cyclic ethers react faster than alicyclic ones [347, 348, 553]. Highly reactive are epoxides. Their reaction products — hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding esters — react to give unsaturated acids or esters by dehydration. Under mild conditions the hydroxyesters can be isolated as such. McClure reported a 53 % yield of 4-chloro-3-hydroxy butyrate obtained in the carbonylation of epichlorohydrin [1023]. 

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