Burro series

LLNL, Burro Series Data Report, UCID 19075 Vol. 1, LLNL/NWC, Livermore, 1982. 

LLNL, Description and Analysis of Burro Series 40-m3 LNG Spill Experiments, LLNL/NWC report No. UCRL-53186, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 1981. 

As in the Burro Series, the release point was instmmented to measure the instantaneous rate of LNG discharge from the 25-cm diameter insulated release line. Release rates varied from 6 m /min to 19 m /min, with total volumes spilled from 3 m to 28 m. Downwind instmmentation was organized into arrays at different distances of 110 up to 500 m downwind from the spill point and located on towers to accommodate multiple levels of... 

Because of the experience gained in the Burro Series experiments, the downwind gas concentration sensor arrays were modified. This was based on the facts that beyond 400 m from the spill point the very low concentrations made the sensors of limited value and that close to the spill point, water and mud thrown up by RPT explosions had adverse effects on the sensors. Most of the open-path IR sensors for the measurement of LNG concentration were positioned at multiple levels on the downwind arrays between 140 and 400 m. In addition, some alternative sensors from International Sensor Technology and Mine Safety Appliance for measuring concentration were installed. 

Ermak, D. L., S. T. Chan, D. L. Morgan, and L. K. Morris. Comparison of Dense Gas Dispersion Model Simulations with Burro Series LNG Spill Test Results, Journal cf Hazardous Materials, vol. 6, pp. 129-160, 1982. 

Koopmann, R. P., et al., "Description and Analysis of BURRO Series 40-m3 LNG Spill Experiments," Lawrence Livermore Lab., Rept. UCRL-53186,1981. 

In 1980 the BURRO test series was conducted. These were much larger, with spills up to 40 m at injection rates of 12-18 mVmin. In all cases, the LNG tank liquid had a composition of over 83 mole % methane. The first five tests were conducted with no indication of an RPT. In BURRO-6, motion pictures clearly showed several strong RPT events late in the spill and at a location near the outer edge of the ice which formed on the pond around the spill pipe. Three RPTs were particularly sharp and water and LNG were violently ejected into the air no instrumentation was operating to indicate oveipressures either in the water or air, and no structural damage was done to the test facility. 

A summary of the BURRO test series parameters is given in Table VII. The colunm entitled spill-plate location needs some comment. In BURRO-2 through -8, the location of the spill plate relative to the water level changed due to normal pond evaporation. That is, the pond depth... 

It should be noted that, beginning with the earliest experiments, a tradition (which has not always been followed) was established by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory of naming a test series with an animal name related to the NTS or the desert environment. This was done alphabetically beginning with the name Burro for the first LNG series conducted at China Lake, CA. 

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