Bunton

Bunton C A, Moffatt J R and Rodenas E 1982 Abnormaiiy high nucieophiiicity of miceiie-bound azide ion J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104 2653-5... 

Bunton, C.A. Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom Elsevier Amsterdam, 1963 pp 21, 164. 

Bunton, C. A., Romsted, L. S. Micellar Effects upon Deacylation, in The Chemistry of Acid Derivatives (Patai, S. Ed.), part 2, Chapt. 17, John Wiley, New York 1979... 

We also found the saturation kinetics for alkaline hydrolyses of 44 (PNPA), 3-nitro-4-acetoxybenzoic acid 56 (NABA), and 3-nitro-4-acetoxybenzenearsonie acid 57 (NABAA) in the presence of QPVP1025. If ester-polymer complex formation occurs prior to the attack of OH-, Eq. (5) holds, according to Bunton etal. 103 where K is the equilibrium association constant of polyelectrolyte (PE) and ester (S), and kt the first-order rate coefficients1035, PE, S, and P indicate the poly-... 

The studies of Bunton et al (Ref 38) using heavy oxygen (18Q) are particularly noteworthy in elucidating the self-ionization process. With moderately dilute nitric acid they found that nitrations required presence of nitrous acid. Ingold and co-workers (Ref 36c) suggest that the action of nitrous acid is as follows ... 

As already mentioned, Bunton and Halevi (Ref 38) found that ca 60% nitric acid requires the presence of nitrous acid for it to be a nitrating agent. Ingold et al (Ref 36c) postulated the action of nitrous acid to proceed via reactions 9, 10 11. Now in competition with reaction 11, there may be a nitrosation reaction ... 

The N+ relationship, as discussed above, is a systematization of experimental facts. The equation of Scheme 7-4 has been applied to nearly 800 rate constants of over 30 electrophiles with about 80 anionic, neutral, and even cationic nucleophiles covering a range of measured rate constants between 10-8 and 109s 1 (Ritchie, 1978). Only about a dozen rate constants deviated from the predicted values by more than a factor of 10, and about fifty by factors in the range 5-10. It is therefore, very likely that this correlation is not purely accidental. Other workers have shown it to be valid for other systems, e.g., for ferrocenyl-stabilized cations (Bunton et al., 1980), for coordinated cyclic 7r-hydrocarbons (Alovosus and Sweigart, 1985), and for selectivities of diarylcarbenes towards alkenes (Mayr, 1990 Mayr et al., 1990). On the other hand, McClelland et al. (1986) found that the N+ relationship is not applicable to additions of less stable triphenylmethyl cations. 

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