Elongated bullets

It should be noted that loose BkPdr charges were used until about the middle of the 16th century. Then the BkPdr was placed in a paper bag, as shown in Fig A, while the bullet remained to be loaded separately. The next step (ca 1590) was incorporation in the paper bag (cartridge) a wad or plug and a round bullet as shown in Fig C. Still later the bullet was elongated and pointed at the nose as shown on Fig B... 

Winchester. US small arms manufacturer. Oliver Winchester (1810—1880) was a prosper-our shirt-maker who had some capital invested in the Volcanic Arms Co in 1855. The company made a lever-action rifle which used an odd self-contained cartridge which was simply an elongated bullet with the propelling charge in... 

Rifle. The main personal weapon of the infantry, which fires a small-diameter elongated bullet thru a rifled barrel, propelled by smokeless... 

In 1856, after a series of experiments by the Ordnance Department, an elongated bullet c, with a cavity, was adopted for the United States army. The diameter is. 577 of an inch, that of the aim for which it is intended being. 58 of an inch. Two varieties were made, both being precisely similar on the exterior, but dittering in the size of the cavity that for the rifle-musket weigliing 500 grains, and the other for the pistol-carbine but 450 grains. 

Pressed leaden bullets are undoubtedly superior to cast ones, and those for the ordinary arms in the military service are made in the former way. The lead is generally procured in the form of bullet wire, coiled on reels. This is cut in lengths of 25 inches, and fed to the machine by a boy. Elongated bullets are formed by a three-)xart die, which opens and closes w ith great rapidity, delivering the bullets at the rate of about 3,000 pr hour these have a slight burr or feather at the points where the dies come together, which is afterwards trimmed off by hand. 

The elongated shot or bullets now used for rifles are made at Woolwich in the following way The machine for this purpose consists of four sets of duplicate punches and dies, independently worked in pairs by two eccentrics, driven by gearing from... 

In contrast, additional complications arise when dealing with bubbles and drops as both their shape and terminal velocity are influenced by the bounding walls. The literature is less extensive on this aspect of bubble motion even in Newtonian liquids. Irrespective of the type of liquid, in narrow tubes, bubbles tend to assume an elongated bullet shape with a hemispherical fore end and nearly flat at the rear end. The limited experimental results of Coutanceau and Hajjam (1982) confirm this type of behavior in tubes such that rf/D> 0.5. 

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