Bulk hydrogen generation

Hydrogen generation, storage, and bulk distribution systems. (Courtesy of Praxair, Inc.)... 

A more radical approach is to develop membrane processes that combine hydrogen generation and separation in a single reactor. Further research on membranes is also needed to yield a new and cheaper process for the separation of oxygen from air. The present process of cryogenic distillation is too costly for the bulk production of hydrogen as a fuel. 

Photocathodes. It is a fact that O2 generation is much more difficult than hydrogen generation in solar photoelectrochemistry. This is true in the colloidal artificial membrane systems just as much in their bulk semiconductor counterparts. The difficulty of catalytlcally managing four oxidizing equivalents (4e ) per O2 molecule from water, compared to only two reducing equivalents for H2 production (beginning with 2H ), may account for this. 

Nickel(O) nanopartides are formed from the reduction of nickel(n) chloride by HB. However, they are rapidly converted to bulk nickel since the only stabilizer is the weakly coordinating chloride which cannot provide enough stabilization for the nickel(O) nanopartides. Bulk nickel is the true kinetically competent heterogeneous catalyst in hydrogen generation... 

Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy has been used in combination with microwave reflectivity measurements to investigate hydrogen evolution at a p-type silicon45 and an n-type silicon.46 The measurement of amplitude and phase under harmonic generation of excess carriers, performed by Otaredian47 on silicon wafers in an attempt to separate bulk and surface recombination, should also be mentioned here. 

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