Building stones properties

The method of superposition of configurations as well as the method of different orbitals for different spins belong within the framework of the one-electron scheme, but, as soon as one introduces the interelectronic distance rijt a two-electron element has been accepted in the theory. In treating the covalent chemical bond and other properties related to electron pairs, it may actually seem more natural to consider two-electron functions as the fundamental building stones of the total wave function, and such a two-electron scheme has also been successfully developed (Hurley, Lennard-Jones, and Pople 1953, Schmid 1953). 

Torok, A. 2006. Influence of fabric on the physical properties of 1 mestones. In Kourkoulis SK, editor. Fracture failure of natural building stones. Applications in the restoration of ancient monuments. Dordrecht Springer-Verlag p. 487-97. 

In this study, laboratory testing was carried out on 14 samples of building stones to investigate relationships stone durability against salt crystallization using the porosity and mechanical properties. Our study shows there is a high correlation between stones durability with porosity and mechanical properties when both are considered. These results demonstrate the importance of both porosity and mechanical properties on the stones durability against salt crystallization. 

Table 15.8. Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of selected building stones and construction materials...

Many salts occur in nature, and some are used as industrial raw materials. Examples are sodium chloride, NaCl (a source of CI2 and NaOH) calcium carbonate or limestone, CaC03 (a source of cement and building stone) and calcium phosphate or rock phosphate, Ca3(P04)2 (a source of fertilizer). In the laboratory, salts can be prepared by reacting a solution of an appropriate acid with a metal, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal carbonate, or a metal bicarbonate. These reactions, given earlier as examples of acid properties (Equations 9.19, 9.13, 9.14,9.15, 9.16), are given below in a general form ... 

Warnes, A. R. (1926). Building stones, their properties, decay, and preservation. Ernest Benn. 

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