Builders, detergent introduction

For example, surfactant systems have been changed to provide optimum performance. The introduction of new builder systems—enzymes, bleach activators, and new polymers for reduced soil redeposition—has also maximized soil removal from mixed fabric bundles during lower temperature washes in less wash water. In addition, new product forms such as concentrated liquids and powders with in-wash dosing containers have resulted in better usage and dispersion of detergent at low wash temperatures. 

The introduction of co-builders (acrylic/maleic acid polymer) was shown to prevent incrustation of Ca salt, even if it was not added in stoichiometric quantities ( threshold effect ) [62]. This automatically brought possibilities for 100% substitution of STP and involvement of Na2CO as an important pH washing regulator. Fig. 25 [66]. An average amount of these substances in modem detergents is ... 

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