Bubble point liquid, impact

The aquifer response (or impact of the water injection wells) may maintain the reservoir pressure close to the initial pressure, providing a long plateau period and slow decline of oil production. The producing GOR may remain approximately at the solution GOR if the reservoir pressure is maintained above the bubble point. The outstanding feature of the production profile is the large increase in water cut over the life of the field, which is usually the main reason for abandonment. Water cut may exceed 90% in the final part of the field life. As water cut increases, so oil production typically declines a constant gross liquids (oil plus water) production may be maintained. 

Originally Bowden s school suggested that heat from the adiabatic compression of such gas bubbles initiated explosion in the surrounding liquid. Johansson coworkers (Ref 4), however, pointed out that heat flow from a compressed gas bubble to the surrounding liquid is much too slow to account for the observed phenomena, particularly at low impact energies. They have shown that to achieve explosion fine droplets... 

Bowden and Yoffe 79. 80] pointed out the role of small trapped gas bubbles in the sensitivity of both liquid and solid explosives. The adiabatic compression of small trapped gas bubbles creates hot spots manifested by high temperature. Also friction occurs at the surface of the containing walls, on grit particles or between the crystals of explosives and forms an additional factor governing the sensitivity of explosives to impact. 

For film rupture to conunence a hole must be initiated in the liquid film. In practice, air bubbles trapped between the impacting droplet and substrate break through the liquid film and create holes. Increasing surface roughness promotes surface rupture since it increases the amount of air trapped at the interface. Similarly, raising the temperature of the substrate above the Uquid boiling point also creates bubble and causes the film to fragment [45]. 

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