British Standards particle density

British Standard BS 7755 (1998), Soil Quality, Part 5 Physical Method, Section 5.3 Determination of Particle Density, British Standards Institution, London. 

There are several British Standards that deal with liquid pyknometry applied to specific materials12-13-141516. A pyknometer bottle of up to 50 ml volume is usually sufficient for fine powders but coarse materials may require larger calibrated vessels. BS 1377 1975, for example, requires the use of a 1 litre cylindrical gas jar, closed by a ground plate, to measure the density of soils that contain particles coarser than 2 mm BS test sieve (but not coarser than 37.5 mm). 

British Standard 2955 (1958) defines three terms that apply to the particles themselves. Particle density is the mass of the particle divided by its volume. The different terms arise from the way in which the volume is defined. 

There are several single-particle characteristics that are very important to product properties (Davies, 1984). They include particle size, particle shape, surface, density, hardness, adsorption properties, and so on. From all these mentioned features, particle size is the most essential and important one. The term "size" of a powder or particulate material is very relative. It is often used to classify, categorize, or characterize a powder, but even the term powder is not clearly defined and the common convention considers that for a particulate material to be considered powder, its approximate median size (50% of the material is smaller than the median size and 50% is larger) should be less than 1 mm. It is also common practice to talk about "fine" and "coarse" powders several attempts have been made at standardizing particle nomenclature in certain fields. For example. Table 1.1 shows the terms recommended by the British Pharmacopoeia referred to standard sieves apertures. Also, by convention, particle sizes may be expressed in different units depending on the size range involved. Coarse particles may be measured in centimeters or... 

The characterization of solid particles, most of which are, in practice, irregular in shape, is usually made by analysing the particle size (the measure of size most relevant to the particle property which is under investigation) and its distribution. Other characteristic properties of the solid material may be included in the measure of size determined, for example Stokes diameter combines size, density and shape all in one parameter, they can be characterized separately if necessary. British Standard BS2955 attempts to define shape qualitatively a quantitative measure of particle shape can be obtained indirectly by analysing two or more measures of particle size and looking at different shape coefficients that relate to those sizes. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ , ]

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