Brightening by Grain Refinement

Brightening by the Curvature Enhancd Accelerator Coverage (CEAC) Mechanism 

Electrodeposits from simple salt electrolytes often exhibit macroscopically rough, faceted surfaces that are associated with epitaxial and/or columnar growth of large-grained polycrystalline materials. The addition of certain additives leads to substantial grain refinement, often into the nanometer range, and randomization of 

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