Bright Water

Figure 1.21 Micrographs of microemulsion droplets of the w/o-type in the system FLO/NaCI-n-octane-C Es prepared near the emulsification failure boundary at a -yt, = 0.050, wb = 0.100, e = 0.006 and T = 36.3°C. (a) Freeze-fracture direct imaging (FFDI) picture showing bright water droplets of a mean diameter = 44 13 nm against a dark oily background, (b) The freeze-fracture electron microscopy (FFEM) picture supports the FFDI result. The mean diameter of the water droplets is = 47 8 nm. (From Ref. [105], reprinted with permission of the American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 21 shows actual droplets of water surrounded by a film of bitumen. The fine particles forming the structural barrier eomponent of the bitumen film can be seen around the bright water droplet. Other stabilizers preventing coalescence are in the film lamella. The drainage of an actual film of bitumen between two water droplets is depicted in... 

Under insulation washer, scale in small areas peeled off. Portions with and without scale showed very shallow pits. Scale thickness measured 10 pm Contact area bright. Water channels formed scale. No pits... 

MP Heitz, C Carlier, J deGrazia, KL Harrison, KP Johnston, TW Randolph, FW Bright. Water core within perflnoropolyether-based microemulsions formed in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Phys Chem B 101 6707-6714, 1997. 

Mix 1 g. of quinaldine and 1 g. of powdered />-dimethylaminobenzab dehyde, add 2 -3 drops of 10% etl nolic zinc chloride solution, and heat under reflux in an oil-bath at 150 for 1 hour. Cool the product in ice-water, and reciystallise it from ethanol. p-Dimethylaminostyryl-quinoline (I) separates as bright yellow crystals, m.p. 177-178°. 

Phthalein reaction. Fuse together carefully in a dry test-tube a few crystals of phthalic acid or of a phthalate and an equal quantity of ph tol moistened with 2 drops of cone. H2SO4. Cool, dissolve in water and add NaOH solution in excess the bright red colour of phenolphthalein in alkaline solution is produced. 

Formation of methyl-orange cf. p. 214). Dissolve about 0 3 g. of sul-phanilic acid in 2 ml. of 10% aqueous NajCOj solution. Cool m ice-water and add 2 to 3 drops of 20% NaNOj solution. Now add about I ml. of cold dil. HCl, shake and leave for 2-3 minutes. Meanwhile dissolve i drop of dimethylaniline in a few drops of dil. HCl, cool thoroughly in ice-water and then add to the cold diazo solution. Shake well and make alkaline with aqueous NaOH solution note the formation of a deep orange-yellow coloration or precipitate. On the addition of HCl, a bright red coloration is produced. 

Physical Properties. Both solids, freely soluble in hot water, sparingly in cold water. o-Nitrophcnol, bright yellow, volatile in steam, odour resembling both that of phenol and of nitrobenzene />-m trophenol, colourless when pure, non-volatile in steam, odourless. 

The contents of B, which act as a control, are treated with mercuric chloride in order to inhibit the action of the enzyme, and then 10 ml. of urease solution are added. The solution is diluted with water and ammonium chloride added (in order to balance the ammonium chloride subsequently formed in A). Meth) l-red is then added and the solution is titrated with Mj 10 HCl from a second burette B until a bright red colour is obtained. 

Transfer 30 g. of the hydrochloride to a 500 ml. separatory funnel, add 100 ml. of water and shake until a thin paste of uniform consistency is obtained add 10 per cent, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the cold with shaking until the whole mass has become bright green (the colour of the free base) and the mixture has an alkaUne reaction. Extract the free base by shaking with two 60 ml. portions of benzene (1). Dry the combined benzene extracts with a Uttle anhydrous potassium carbonate, and filter into a distiUing flask fitted with a water condenser. Distil off about half of the benzene, and pour the residual hot benzene solution into a beaker. Upon cooUng, the p-nitrosodimethylaniUne erystallises in deep green leaflets. Filter these off and dry them in the air. The yield of p-nitrosodimethylaniUne, m.p. 85°, from the hydrochloride is almost quantitative. 

If the m.p. is not quite satisfactory, dissolve the o-nitroplienol in hot alcohol (or methylated spirit) under reflux, add hot water drop by drop until a cloudiness just appears, and allow to cool spontaneously. Filter off the bright yellow crystals and diy between filter paper. 

Triiodobenzoyl chloride. Reflux 5 g. of 3 4 5-triiodo-benzoic acid, m.p. 289-290°, gently with 10 ml. of redistilled thionyl chloride for 2 hours. Distil off the excess of thionyl chloride on a water bath, and recrystallise the residue from carbon tetrachloride - light petroleum with the use of a little decolourising charcoal. The yield of the acid chloride (bright yellow needles, m.p. 138°) is 3-8 g. it keeps well in a stoppered bottle. 

Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive of all elements. It is a pale yellow, corrosive gas, which reacts with most organic and inorganic substances. Finely divided metals, glass, ceramics, carbon, and even water burn in fluorine with a bright flame. 

Sodium, like every reactive element, is never found free in nature. Sodium is a soft, bright, silvery metal which floats on water, decomposing it with the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of the hydroxide. It may or may not ignite spontaneously on water, depending on the amount of oxide and metal exposed to the water. It normally does not ignite in air at temperatures below llSoC. 

Pure vanadium is a bright white metal, and is soft and duchle. It has good corrosion resistance to alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, and salt water, but the metal oxidizes readily above 660oC. 

Ytterbium has a bright silvery luster, is soft, malleable, and quite ductile. While the element is fairly stable, it should be kept in closed containers to protect it from air and moisture. Ytterbium is readily attacked and dissolved by dilute and concentrated mineral acids and reacts slowly with water. Ytterbium has three allotropic forms with transformation points at -13oC and 795oC. The beta form is a room-temperature, face-centered, cubic modification, while the... 

Sodium bromide is the most rapidly growing antimicrobial ia water treatment appHcations (25). Chlorine dioxide [10049-04-4] has not been historically important, but may have a bright future because of its excellent antimicrobial activity without formation of halomethanes or chloramines (26). 

Mercurous Iodide. Mercurous iodide [7783-30 ] Hg2l2, is a bright yellow amorphous powder, extremely insoluble in water and very sensitive to light. It has no commercial importance but may be prepared by precipitation, using mercurous nirate and potassium iodide. Care must be taken to exclude mercuric nitrate, which may cause the formulation of the water-insoluble mercuric iodide. 

Cuprous iodomercurate [13876-85-2] Cu2Hgl4, is a bright red water-insoluble compound prepared by precipitation from a solution of K Hgl with cuprous chloride. It is used in temperature-indicating paints because it reversibly changes color to brown at 70°C (see Chromogenic materials). 

Tables 4 and 5 show properties of ground mica products. For all forms of ground mica the index of refraction is 1.58 wt %, Mohs hardness is 2.5, oil absorption (Brit. Stand. 3483) is 60.75%, water solubihty (Brit. Stand. 1765) is <0.3%, the phericity factor is 0.01, and the softening point in °C is 1538. For Microni2ed and wet ground micas the brightness (green filter), pH, and apparent density in kg/m are 75, 5.2, and 160—224, respectively for dry ground mica, 66—75, 6.2, and 192—561, respectively (1).

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