Breath analysis acetone

In the medical area, one study using DART has been applied to human breath. Diagnosis through online breath analysis was fonnd to be difficult due to the dispersion of the breath samples in open air. A confined DART ion source (cDART) was developed and this was tested on fonr standard compounds—ethanol, acetone, 2-hexanone, and limonene— with detection limits approaching 1 ppbv after calibration [188]. 

Righettoni M, Tricoli A et al (2010) Si W03 sensors for highly selective detection of acetone for easy diagnosis of diabetes by breath analysis. Anal Chem 82(9) 3581-3587... 

Ueta, I., Saito, Y., Hosoe, M., Okamoto, M., Ohkita, H., Shirai, S., Tamura, H., Jinno, K. Breath acetone analysis with miniaturized sample preparation device in-needle preconcentration and subsequent determination by gas chromatography-mass Spectroscopy. J. Chromatogr. B 877, 2551-2556 (2009)... 

Further examples of acoustic sensors modified with zeolites include a QCM sensor with silver-exchanged ZSM-5 that responds selectively to acetone (in diabetic s breath) in the ppm-range,ll 16] principal component analysis of multiple QCM-sensor responses (with LTA, MFI, SOD) for the detection of NO/SO2 mixtures,[117] MFI-zeolite-coated microcantilevers with ppm-sensitivity for Freon detection [118,119] and other zeolite-coated cantilevers for humidity sensing.[120]... 

Figure 18.14 is a spectrum of a dog s expired air three hours after the forced ingestion of isopropyl alcohol. The alcohol bands and those of its metabolite, acetone, can be specifically and quantitatively identified. Ethyl alcohol can be specifically and quantitatively analyzed in human breath and such infrared analysis permits one to estimate blood alcohol concentration. 

In healthy adults the mean concentration of acetone in the breath is 1.1 0.5 jug/liter (Stewart and Boettner, 1964). Witha 10-mor40-mgascell such concentrations are not detectable. The acetone content of diabetic breath may range from 0.1 /ig/Iiter to more than 2000 /ig/Iiter. Before the onset of significant ketonemia, the acetone content in the diabetic s breath rises to amounts detectable by infrared spectroscopy and therefore analysis of the breath gives a rapid method for determining the degree of ketosis. 

As an aid for diagnosis, a PTR-TOF-MS was nsed in the investigation of liver cirrhosis and the severity of the disease was assessed by direct analysis of exhaled breath [88]. Kohl et al. examined the breath of 96 patients shortly before and after kidney transplantation using PTR-MS. They found creatine in urine and breath showed good eortelation [89]. Aprea et al. used a PTR-TOF-MS to investigate metabolites in the exhaled breath of patients affeeted by coeliac disease who were on a gluten free diet [90]. A PTR-TOF-MS was also irsed to calibrate an acetone sensor... 

Stumey SC, Storer MK, Shaw GM, et al. Off-line breath acetone analysis in critical illness. J Breath Res. 2013 7 037102. 

Breath diagnostics involve the analysis of a human breath sample to monitor, diagnose, and detect diseases and conditions. Exhaled breath contains a complex mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and trace amounts of various volatile organic compounds hke NO, acetone, isoprene, and ammonia. Many of these species are formed as the by-products of metabohc processes and can be used as biomarkers for various diseases. Examples of such biomarkers are acetone for diabetes mellitus (type I), ammonia for renal disease, NO for asthma, etc. 

SIFT/MS analyses of the breath of some 30 uraemic patients with end-stage renal failure have shown greatly elevated levels of ammonia compared to healthy subjects. The spectrum obtained of breath of a uraemic patient with diabetes (indicated by the elevated acetone level) who also smokes cigarettes (indicated by the presence of acetonitrile) is shown in Figure 14. Many further applications of this new method for trace gas analysis are in train including applications in agriculture (animal welfare) and grassland research. 

King, J., Unterkofler, K., Teschl, G. et al. (2011) A mathematical model for breath gas analysis of volatile organic compounds with special emphasis on acetone. J. Math. Biol. 63, 959. 

Various methods have been used to investigate oral malodors including direct oral sampling for volatile sulfur materials and dynamic headspace analysis of incubated saliva. These approaches have been used in clinical evaluation of materials to ameliorate oral malodors as well as identifying all materials that contribute to the malodor or are indicators of oral disease (23-27). SPME analysis has been used to sample human breath (28). In this study, systemic air from diabetics was analyzed for ethanol, acetone, and isoprene. 

---