Breaking Theory of Carl

In addn to a brief abstract given in Vol 2, p B262, we are including the following description, because it seems that this theory has some merit, although Mr Dunkle thinks that it is of interest merely for historical purposes. This theory was not fully developed on accnt of untimely death of Mr. R. Carl, formerly of Picatinny Arsenal and the US Bureau of Mines 

1) Detonation is the progressive breaking of the valence bond by a stress, known as breaking stress, which is transmitted thru the material as an elastic wave similar to 

2) The transmission of such a stress will depend on the elastic nature of the material, and the optimum condition for transmission of the breaking wave is achieved in perfectly elastic materials, such as individual crystals. The soft, plastic or fluid materials which tend to damp out elastic waves have a similar tendency with detonation wave 

3) The energy which maintains the breaking wave is the release of gases and heat, behind the wave crest, so that there is continuous 

4) The source of such a breaking stress may be release of strains already existing in the materials, nevertheless some assistance from an outside force is usually required. Such strains exist in endothermic compds, such 

---

Breaking Theory of Detonation of Carl. See under Detonation (and Explosion), Breaking Theory of Carl... 

Detonation (and expln), breaking theory of Carl 4D227... 

---