Brass Roots

Measurements of the characteristic X-ray line spectra of a number of elements were first reported by H. G. J. Moseley in 1913. He found that the square root of the frequency of the various X-ray lines exhibited a linear relationship with the atomic number of the element emitting the lines. This fundamental Moseley law shows that each element has a characteristic X-ray spectrum and that the wavelengths vary in a regular fiishion form one element to another. The wavelengths decrease as the atomic numbers of the elements increase. In addition to the spectra of pure elements, Moseley obtained the spectrum of brass, which showed strong Cu and weak Zn X-ray lines this was the first XRF analysis. The use of XRF for routine spectrochemical analysis of materials was not carried out, however, until the introduction of modern X-ray equipment in the late 1940s. 

Eratz-kupfer, n. copper from waste, -messing, n. brass cuttings, -wurzel, /. white hellebore (root). 

Almagra,37 (defined sometimes as a red earth, sometimes as brass, or as copper hole), acimar (that is, flos aeris, copper oxide), Atramentum ustum, roasted vitriol, roasted brass (mixture of copper and zinc oxides), rock salt, almisadir (sal ammoniac), saffron root or saffron itself—equal parts. All these are mixed with urine and dried in the sun. With this powder mix filings... 

Natural materials can be found in many forms in museum collections. The items in this photograph include wool, cotton, wood, leather, dried plant materials, paints, and metal alloys. Rug/carpet kurdish mid-twentieth century wool on cotton, naturalpigments/dye. Basket Hopi piki-bread tray, wicker, early twentieth century. Kachina c. 1970 cottonwood root with water-based (poster) paint, fabric, wool, feathers, yarn, fur ruff, unsigned (cloth "cape is also painted). Books calfskin, marbled paper, gold. Baseball leather, linen cord, pen ink. Glove leather, metal (grommets). Gun wood, metal (brass, steel). 

Zinc. But Calamine is a Root of Tutty, and indeed Tutty itself, in a raw state. It is the Stone, whereby the ore is dyed into brass-colour. True Tutty cleaves to the top of the oven. 

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