Brain activation experimental basis

In 1957, William Dement, a co-worker of Aserinsky and Kleitman, vigorously investigated the REM sleep-dream connection in humans, and discovered that cats also had periods of brain activation and REM in their sleep. This provided the experimental model necessary for investigation of the cellular and molecular basis of brain activation in sleep, and the chance to integrate phenomena at the level of cells and molecules with the EEG and the distinctive forms of mental activity in human sleep. We didn t need to know whether cats dreamed to make this integration. All we... 

On the basis of its review of human and experimental animal health-effects and related data, the subcommittee concludes that the Navy s proposed SEAL 2 of 4.5 ppm for hydrogen cyanide is too conservative. The subcommittee recommends a SEAL 2 of 15 ppm. The recommended SEAL 2 is also based on the El Ghawabi et al. (1975) study, which is discussed under the derivation of SEAL 1. It is supported by studies in monkeys that show some central nervous system effects (e.g., changes in brain wave activity and reduced auditory cortical evoked potential) occur after a 30-min exposure at a concentration of 60 ppm (Purser et al. 1984). The subcommittee concludes that exposures of submariners to hydrogen cyanide at a concentration of 15 ppm for only 1 d is not likely to produce any irreversible health effects. 

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