Cesium-137, bovine

Decrease of Bovine Cesium-137 Concentrations Following the Cessations of Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Testing... 

Reliable analytical information can be obtained by using microwave digestion sampling for trace element determination in brain and liver. Krachler et al.52 reported two microwave digestion systems (open-focused and closed-pressurized). They created a mineralization of human brain and bovine liver as dissolution steps prior to the determination of 16 trace elements (bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, lead, rubidium, antimony, tin, strontium, thallium, and zinc) by ICP-MS. 

In addition to varying the substrates, other authors have worked on the conditions in order to extend the scope of the reaction. In particular, MW [127] and ultrasound [128] irradiations have been applied successfully, decreasing considerably the reactions times. On the other hand, different catalysts have been used substituting the classical secondary or tertiary amines [129], for example, L-proline [130], imidazole [131], cesium carbonate (Cs COj) [132], amine-functional polysiloxanes (AFPs) [133], MgAa mixed oxide as a heterogeneous solid base catalyst [134], ZnO (under solvent-free conditions) [135], bovine serum albumin (BSA) [136], and guanidine-based IL [137]. 

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