Boundary/boundaries

My analysis shows not only how scientists engage in boundary-work to distinguish science from nonscience, but also how a variety of other groups construct boundaries (and consequently themselves as groups) not only with respect to more orthodox scientists and skeptics but with respect to each other. In short, scientific boundaries are recursive, nested, and multiple there are layers of scientificity that become clearer as one unfolds levels of skepticism and pseudo-scientificity both within and across discursive boundaries. Boundary-work therefore is going on in all directions, not just in the direction of orthodox science toward religion and pseudoscience. ... 

The first source of confusion was the fact that minimal surfaces represent local minima in surface area under Plateau (or fixed boundary ) boundary conditions. The importance of this property with respect to cubic phases must be considered to be limited, however, because the surface area of the interfacial dividing surface — drawn between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic regions of the microstucture - is given simply by the product of the number of surfactant molecules, times the average area per siufactant which is strongly fixed by the steric, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions between surfactant molecules. Therefore this interfacial area does not in general seek a minimum but rather an optimum value, which does not tend to zero because of the electrostatic repulsion between surfactant head groups. Furthermore,... 

Permeable semipermeable) boundaries. Boundaries that enclose an open system (that permit passage of certain chemical species while excluding other species). 

Diathermic boundaries. Boundaries that do not permit matter to be exchanged between systems and their surroundings but that permit changes to take place in properties of the system by heating or cooling of the surroundings. 

Boundary elements and connecting states are also associated with the state description. Since a state is described as a system and a system has a boundary, boundary elements identify the vehicle for transforming the current state to a new state. The trajectory of connecting states is contained in the value of the attribute, connecting-states. This attribute allows a thermodynamic state representation of a process to be constructed from the individual states that compose it. 

Diffusion equations boundary conditions sweep boundary boundary condi-... 

Balogun, J., Gleadle, R, Hailey, V. H., Willmott, H. (2005). Managing change across boundaries Boundary-shaking practices. British Journal of Management, 16, 261-278. 

Carlile, P. R. (2002), "A pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries Boundary objects in new product development," Organization Science, 13 (4), 442-55. 

Recently the statistical approach was developed [5] for the description of the kinetics of conversion of melt to spherulites and the kinetics of formation of spherulitic pattern during both isothermal and nonisothermal crystallizations. The final spherulitic pattern can also be described. The rates of formation of spherulitic interiors and boundaries (boundary lines, surfaces and points) as well as the their final amounts could be predicted if spherulite growth and nucleation rates are known. Applied to iPP crystallized during cooling with various rates, the approach allowed for the predictions of tendencies in the kinetics of formation of spherulitic structure and its final form. 

Thermodynamic description of natural processes usually begins by dividing the world into a system and its exterior, which is the rest of the world. This cannot be done, of course, when one is considering the thermodynamic nature of the entire universe. The definition of a thermodynamic system often depends on the existence of boundaries, boundaries that separate the system of interest from the rest of the world. In understanding the thermodynamic behavior of physical systems, the nature of the interaction between the system and the exterior is important. Accordingly, thermodynamic systems are classified into three types, isolated, closed and open systems according to the way they interact with their exterior (Fig. 1.1). 

Characterisbc Lower Upper Other criteria situation boundary boundary Traffic Lower ight boundary Upper Other criteria boundary Traffic Lower ight boundary Upper Other criteria boundary CtRtA Situation A (assuming applied to low nse housing instead of NHBC) NHBC tieffic light (methane)... 

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