Bond cleavage model, bulk

Antifouling performance of these organotin carboxylate polymers indicates that their mode of action corresponds to the bulk abiotic bond cleavage model proposed by Castelli and Yeager (8). The controlling factors to be considered here are ... 

Antifouling performance of organotin carboxylate polymers show that their mode of action corresponds to the "bulk abiotic bond cleavage" model. All the controlling factors are analyzed. 

The mode of action of the antifouling polymers thus conforms to the bulk abiotic bond cleavage model. All the controlling factors, viz., diffusion of water into the polymer matrix, hydrolysis of the tributyltin carboxylate, diffusion of tributyltin species from the matrix to the surface, phase transfer of the organotin species, and its migration across the boundary layer, are analyzed. It is found that the transport of the mobile tributyltin species in the matrix is the rate limiting factor. 

Figure 2.15 Left Bulk-truncated structure of the (111) surface of the diamond lattice. Right the (2x1) reconstruction of the (111) surface within the r-bonded chain model. Reconstruction from the (1x1) to the (2x1) structure involves cleavage of the bond between atoms 1 and 5 and the formation of a new bond between atoms 4 and 5.

Acetic acid and ethyl acetate can dissociate on copper through cleavage of the C-X bond adjacent to the carbonyl group, where Xrepresents either hydroxyl or alkoxy. The chemical behavior of supported copper was simulated by using a 13-atom copper cluster resembling an icosahedron (75). All the surface atoms in this cluster have the same coordination number of six (Fig. 16). Quantum chemical calculations within the cluster approximation depend on the number of surface and bulk atoms incorporated in the model therefore, results of these calculations should be used only to deduce trends in bonding and reactivity for various species adsorbed on copper. 

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