Boltzmann, Ludwig Eduard

Boltzmann, Ludwig Eduard was born in Vienna in 1844 and died at age 62. His constant is inscribed on his tomb in Vienna. Many argued strongly against his ideas and he committed suicide shortly before experiments justified them. 

Boltzmann, Ludwig Eduard (1844-1906) Austrian physicist in Graz and Vienna famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. 

Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844-1906). 7Walther Hermann Nernst (1864-1941). 

Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844-1906). Austrian physicist. Although Boltzmann was one of the greatest theoretical physi-cists of all time, his work was not recognized by otiier scientists in his own lifetime. Suffering from poor healtii and great depression, he committed suicide in 1906. 

Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann, born Feb. 20,1844, in Vienna, Austria, died Sep. 5,1906, in Duino, Italy. 

Clausius made the simplification of imagining that all the molecules in a sample of gas possessed the same velocity. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) realised that there was a wide distribution of molecular velocities, and in 1859 he applied statistical techniques to the problem. He showed how the various possible velocities are distributed between the molecules and he showed how an average velocity could be calculated. Later, in 1871, Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844-1906) succeeded in generalising Maxwell s distribution law to cases where there are forces (such as gravity) acting on the molecules. 

Fig. 25. - Approximate sketch of the growth of thermodynamic conception with the portraits of some famous pioneers, left column from above Joseph Black (1728-1799), Sadi Nicholas Carnot (1796-1832), Rudolf Jutius Clausius (1822-1888), Josiah Wiiland Gibbs (1839-1903), Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844-1906), right Kelvin, Baron of Larges, Lord Williams Thompson (1824-1907), Jean Baptiste Fourier (1768-1830), James Clark Maxwell (1831-1879), Max Carl Planck (1858-1947), Lars Onsager (1903-1976), middle Sir Issak Newton (1642-1726), Clifford Ambrose Truesdell (1921 -) and Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003).

Stefan-Boltzmann constant (Symbol a) A proportionality constant representing the thermal radiation heat loss by emission from a black body. In SI units, it has a value of 5.669 7 X10 W m K. It is named after Austrian physicists losef Stefan (1853-93) and Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844-1906). 

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