Boltzmann factor constants

Boltzmann constant Factor correcting i value in a liquid Spectral function pertinent to an isotropic medium... 

Tj is the surface temperature of the panel, Tj, the thermometer bulb temperature, Tj the air temperature, and T the temperature of the walls of the building. F is the view factor from the bulb to the heating panel, e is the emissivity of the thermometer bulb at temperature T cr is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67 X 10 W m K " ), and is the convective heat transfer coefficient from bulb to air. 

Gas density Propellant density Boltzmann constant A factor to account for temperature oscillations ignition delay time Diffusion time... 

The factors Kn are elastic constants for the nematic phase and Icb is the Boltzmann constant. Therefore a combination of molecular electronic structure, orientational order and continuum elasticity are all involved in determining the flexoelectric polarisation. Polarisation can also be produced in the presence of an average gradient in the density of quadrupoles. This is... 

Pre-exponential factor of Arrhenius equation Boltzmann constant... 

Various statistical treatments of reaction kinetics provide a physical picture for the underlying molecular basis for Arrhenius temperature dependence. One of the most common approaches is Eyring transition state theory, which postulates a thermal equilibrium between reactants and the transition state. Applying statistical mechanical methods to this equilibrium and to the inherent rate of activated molecules transiting the barrier leads to the Eyring equation (Eq. 10.3), where k is the Boltzmann constant, h is the Planck s constant, and AG is the relative free energy of the transition state [note Eq. (10.3) ignores a transmission factor, which is normally 1, in the preexponential term]. 

A general expression can be found by combining these two cases (Melis et al., 1999). In these expressions, kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the fluid temperature (Kelvin), ji is the fluid viscosity, y is the local shear rate, and a is an efficiency factor. For shear-induced breakage, the kernel is usually fit to experimental data (Wang et al., 2005a,b). A typical form is (Pandya and Spielman, 1983) as follows ... 

The Eyring activated-complex (or transition-state) treatment relates the observed rate constant k to multiplied by the frequency factor k TIh, where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, and h is Planck s constant ... 

Here, ks is the Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10-23 J/K), T is the absolute temperature (300 K at room temperature), B is the bandwidth of measurement [typically about 1000 Hz for direct current (dc) measurement], /o is the resonant frequency of the cantilever, and Q is the quality factor of the resonance, which is related to damping. It is clear from Eq. (12.8) that lower spring constant, K, produces higher thermal noise. This thermal motion can be used as an excitation technique for resonance frequency mode of operation. 

In Equation 21, T is the absolute temperature, h is Planck s constant, is Boltzmann constant, and AG is the free energy barrier height relative to infinitely-separated reactants. The temperature-dependent factor r(7) represents quantum mechanical tunneling and the Wigner approximation to tunneling through an inverted parabolic barrier ... 

Where AG is the activation energy of the process, and T are the Boltzmann constant and the absolute temperature, respectively, v is the nuclear frequency factor, and is the transmission coefficient, a parameter that expresses the probability of the system to evolve from the reactant to the product configuration once the crossing of the potential energy curves along the reaction coordinate has been reached (Fig. 17.5). 

The Curie constant C = g2p xNoS(S + )/3koT. determined from 11%-T curve shown in fig. 1 lb gives a spin of S = 3, when the nominal value of the Mn concentration, x — 0.053, is used. Here No is the cation density, g (= 2.0) the Lande factor of the Mn ions, /tb is the Bohr magneton, k is the Boltzmann constant. Judging from this value of 5, some ferromagnetic clusters exist already above 7c. 

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