Bollman

The Bollman-type extractor shown in Fig. 18-76 is a bucket-elevator unit designed to handle about 2000 to 20,000 kg/h (50 to 500 U.S. tons/day) of flaky solids (e.g., soybeans). Buckets with perforated... 

FIG. 18-76 Bollman-type extractor. (McCahe, Smith, and Haniott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 5th ed., p. 616. Copyiight 1993 hy McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York. Used with permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company.)... 

Watrud, L.S., Lee, E.H., Fairbrother, A., Burdick, C., Reichman, J.R., Bollman, M., Storm, M., King, G. and Van de Water, RK. (2004). Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 101, 14533-14538. 

W16. Wu. C., Bollman, J. L., and Butt, H. R., Changes in free amino acids in plasma during hepatic coma. J. Clin. Invest. 34, 845-849 (1955). 

Rl. Ritchie, H. D., Grindlay, J. H., and Bollman, J. L., Surgical jaundice Experimental evidence against the regurgitation theory. Surg. Forum 7, 415-418 (1957). 

Butt HR, Allen EVj Bollman JL, A preparation from spoiled sweet clover (3,3 )-methylene-bis-(4 hydroxycoumarin) which prolongs coagulation and prothrombin time of the blood preliminary report of experimenta and clinical studies, Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 1941 16 388-395. 

The simple CSL model is directly applicable to the cubic crystal class. The lower symmetry of the other crystal classes necessitates the more sophisticated formalism known as the constrained coincidence site lattice, or CCSL (Chen and King, 1988). In this book we treat only cubic systems. Interestingly, whenever an even value is obtained for E in a cubic system, it will always be found that an additional lattice point lies in the center of the CSL unit cell. The true area ratio is then half the apparent value. This operation can always be applied in succession until an odd value is obtained thus, E is always odd in the cubic system. A rigorous mathematical proof of this would require that we invoke what is known as O-lattice theory (Bollman, 1967). The O-lattice takes into account all equivalence points between two neighboring crystal lattices. It includes as a subset not only coinciding lattice points (the CSL) but also all nonlattice sites of identical internal coordinates. However, expanding on that topic would take us well beyond the scope of this book. The interested reader is referred to Bhadeshia (1987) or Bollman (1970). 

Guan et al. (1990) inserted two separate cannulas for bile and pancreatic juice to rats under methoxyfluorane anesthesia. Both fluids were returned to the intestine. Placing the rats in modified Bollman-type restraint cages, experiments could be performed after a few days in conscious animals. 

John Bollman, VP-Fluman Resources Steven R. Lowson, General Counsel/Corp. Sec. Andrew Farrant, VP-Corp. Comm. 

Bollman, W. Crystal Defects and Crystalline Interfaces, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1970. 

Vertical-plate extractor. Exemplified by the Bonotto extractor (Fig. 18-79), this consists of a column divided into cylindrical compartments by equispaced horizontal plates. Each plate has a radial opening staggered 180° from the openings of the plates immediately above and below it, and each is wiped by a rotating radial blade. Alternatively, the plates may be mounted on a coaxial shaft and rotated past stationary blades. The solids, fed to the top plate, thus are caused to fall to each lower plate in succession. The solids fall as a curtain into solvent which flows upward through the tower. They are discharged by a screw conveyor and compactor. Like the Bollman extractor, the Bonotto has been virtually displaced by horizontal belt or tray percolators for the extraction of oil seeds. 

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