Boiling phenomenon

Jens and Leppert (J4), and, more recently, Barnett (B2), have emphasized the need to distinguish between a temperature-controlled surface and a heat-flux-controlled surface when referring to boiling phenomena. Failure to observe the distinction has caused some confusion in the literature, particularly as further complications arise from differences that exist between pool boiling and forced-convection boiling. 

R3. Robinson, J. M., and Lurie, H., Critical heat flux of some polyphenyl coolants, Symp. Boiling Phenomena in Nucl. Heat Transfer 1962, Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., Preprint No. 156. 

We have designed, manufactured and tested a prototype that may be applied in thermal control of electronic devices. It was fabricated from a silicon substrate and a Pyrex cover, serving as both an insulator and a window through which flow patterns and boiling phenomena could be observed. A number of parallel triangular micro-channels were etched in the substrate. The heat transferred from the device was simulated by different types of electrical heaters that provided uniform and non-uniform heat fluxes, defined here respectively as constant and non-constant values... 

This section describes some of the boiling phenomena that occur in water reactors with respect to safety analyses that require thermal hydraulic considerations. 

Schrock, V. E., H. H. Johnson, A. Gopalakrishnan, K. E. Lavezzo, and S. M. Cho, 1966, Transient Boiling Phenomena, USAEC Rep. SAN-1013, University of California, Berkeley, CA. (5) Schultheiss, G. F., 1970, Experimental Inv. of Incipient-Boiling Superheat in Wall Cavities, Proc. Symp. 

Bennett et al. (BID have represented this behavior graphically as shown in Fig. 12. The following explanation of the boiling phenomena in two-phase flow is taken from their paper ... 

R. Cole, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation in Boiling Phenomena, Vol. 1, S. Van Stolen, and R. Cole, Eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979, Chapter 3. 

From the above rationale (and without having made any prior or additional assumptions) we see that our analysis leads - via thermodynamic argument - to a prediction that pure materials existing in their normal phases exhibit melting and boiling phenomena, as is observed experimentally. 

Our preceding discussions of convection heat transfer have considered homogeneous single-phase systems. Of equal importance are the convection processes associated with a change of phase of a fluid. The two most important examples are condensation and boiling phenomena, although heat transfer with solid-gas changes has become important because of a number of applications. 

The cause of this is not only that there are many influencing quantities that play a role in boiling processes, but also different types of heat transfer depending on the flow configuration and superheating. These different types of heat transfer will be considered first, followed by an explanation of the physical fundamentals of boiling phenomena. The final part of this section will consist of the calculation of the heat transfer. 

S. van Stralen and R. Cole, Boiling Phenomena, Hemisphere Puhl. Corp., Washington, DC (1980), Vol. 1. 

R. Nelson, D. B. R. Kenning, and M. Shoji, Nonlinear Dynamics in Boiling Phenomena, Journal of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan (35/136) 22-34,1996. 

J. Kokado, N. Hatta, H. Takuda, J. Harada, and N. Yasuhira, An Analysis of Film Boiling Phenomena of Subcooled Water Spreading Radially on a Hot Steel Plate, Archivfiir Eisenhiittenwesen, 55, pp. 113-118,1984. 

Changes in heat transfer and boiling phenomena due to crystallisation fouling... 

Film boiling phenomena in liquid-vapour interfaces H. Gouin, H.H. Fliche (Marseille)... 

Film Boiling Phenomena in Liquid-Vapour Interfaces... 

An interpretation of film boiling phenomena (a liquid is on a very hot plate and sustained by a vapour layer) is obtained as follows a liquid bulk, a very thin interface, a film of vapour when the density p decreases a little bit until p reaches the value for which temperature is equal to that of the plate. That leads to the evaluation of the temperature from which the film boiling occurs Leidenfrost s temperature. 

Joerd, S. Van Stralen, S. Cole, R. (eds). Boiling phenomena. Washington Hemisphere Publ. Corp. 1979. 

Surface conditions have a profound effect on boiling phenomena. The above numerical factors have been obtained from plots of existing data. Extreme accuracy cannot be claimed for these values, because of the variable conditions of the surfaces in these tests. 

Stralen SV, Cole R (1979) Boiling Phenomena, vol 1. Hemisphere, Bristol, pp 454-456... 

Company and Shell) and the thermodynamic properties of ternary hydrocarbon mixtures. Doody had already started in 1947 his work on vapor-liquid equilibria, which was supported by Shell, and on boiling phenomena, supported by PRF. Finally, Bennett started working on liquid-liquid equilibria, soon after his arrival in 1949. 

A4.2.2 Pseudo-boiling and pseudo-film boiling phenomena... 

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