Bohr, Niels , hydrogen atom model

The hydrogen atom, containing a single electron, has played a major role in the development of models of electronic structure. In 1913 Niels Bohr (1885-1962), a Danish physicist, offered a theoretical explanation of the atomic spectrum of hydrogen. His model was based largely on classical mechanics. In 1922 this model earned him the Nobel Prize in physics. By that time, Bohr had become director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at Copenhagen. There he helped develop the new discipline of quantum mechanics, used by other scientists to construct a more sophisticated model for the hydrogen atom. 

At this point a Danish physicist, Niels Bohr, decided to take a fresh start. In effect, he faced the fact that an explanation is a search for likenesses between a system under study and a well-understood model system. An explanation is not good unless the likenesses are strong. Niels Bohr suggested that the mechanical and electrical behavior of macroscopic bodies is not a completely suitable model for the hydrogen atom. He pro-... 

In an early model of the hydrogen atom proposed by Niels Bohr, the electron traveled in a circular orbit of radius uncertainty principle rules out this model. 

Following Rutherford s experiments in 1911, Niels Bohr proposed in 1913 a dynamic model of the hydrogen atom that was based on certain assumptions. The first of these assumptions was that there were certain "allowed" orbits in which the electron could move without radiating electromagnetic energy. Further, these were orbits in which the angular momentum of the electron (which for a rotating object is expressed as mvr) is a multiple of h/2ir (which is also written as fi),... 

Scientists of the nineteenth century lacked the concepts necessary to explain line spectra. Even in the first decade of the twentieth century, a suitable explanation proved elusive. This changed in 1913 when Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist and student of Rutherford, proposed a new model for the hydrogen atom. This model retained some of the features of Rutherford s model. More importantly, it was able to explain the line spectrum for hydrogen because it incorporated several new ideas about energy. As you can see in Figure 3.8, Bohr s atomic model pictures electrons in orbit around a central nucleus. Unlike Rutherford s model, however, in which electrons may move anywhere within the volume of space around the nucleus, Bohr s model imposes certain restrictions. 

With the particlelike nature of energy and the wavelike nature of matter now established, let s return to the problem of atomic structure. Several models of atomic structure were proposed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A model proposed in 1914 by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962), for example, described the hydrogen atom as a nucleus with an electron circling around it, much as a planet orbits the sun. Furthermore, said Bohr, only certain specific orbits corresponding to certain specific energy levels for the electron are available. The Bohr model was extremely important historically because of its conclusion that electrons have only specific energy levels available to them, but the model fails for atoms with more than one electron. 

The hydrogen atom with the symbol H is the smallest atom. It contains one proton and one electron in the K-shell. The model of the atom in Fig. 3.1 which meets all 6 requirements for building an atom is called the Bohr atomic model after Niels Henrik David Bohr, the... 

A dynamic model of the atom has to be adopted, as a static model would be unstable because the electrons would fall into the nucleus under the electrostatic attraction force. Niels Bohr (1885-1962) developed a dynamic model for the simplest of atoms, the hydrogen atom, using a blend of classical and quantum theory. In this context the term classical is usually taken as meaning prequantum theory. 

Niels Bohr s planetary model of the hydrogen atom—in which a nucleus is surrounded by orbits of electrons—resembles the solar system. Electrons could be excited by quanta of energy and move to an outer orbit (excited level). They could also emit radiation when falling to their original orbit (ground state). Basic components of the Bohr model include the following ... 

Sommerfeld s work was based on Bohr s model of the hydrogen atom. In this work, he brought relativity theory and the quantum idea together and was able to account for the fine details of the hydrogen spectrum. After Sommerfeld s paper on this work was published in 1916, he received a letter from Niels Bohr. In it Bohr wrote, I do not believe ever to have read anything with more joy than your beautiful work. ... 

The status of the constant changed dramatically when Niels Bohr crafred his model of the hydrogen atom. Specifically, Bohr s theory revealed that the Rydberg constant was not just a number, but was a combination of other fundamental constants. Here is the result that emerged from Bohr s work ... 

In 1913 a Danish physicist named Niels Bohr, aware of most of the experimental results we have just discussed, developed a quantum model for the hydrogen atom. Bohr proposed a model that included the idea that the electron in a hydrogen atom moves around the nucleus only in certain allowed... 

Recall that hydrogen s atomic emission spectrum is discontinuous that is, it is made up of only certain frequencies of light. Why are elements atomic emission spectra discontinuous rather than continuous Niels Bohr, a young Danish physicist working in Rutherford s laboratory in 1913, proposed a quantum model for the hydrogen atom that seemed to answer this question. Impressively, Bohr s model also correctly predicted the frequencies of the lines in hydrogen s atomic emission spectrum. 

The first explanation for these surprising experimental results was provided in 1913 by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr. He proposed a model of the hydrogen atom that allowed only discrete energy states to exist. He also proposed that light absorption resulted from a transition of the atoms between two of these states. The frequency of the light absorbed is connected to the energy of the initial and final states by the expression... 

In 1913, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr suggested that electrons revolve around the nucleus just as planets revolve around the sun. Bohr s model was consistent with the emission spectrum produced by the hydrogen atom, but the model couldn t be extended to more complicated atoms. Figtxre 7.1 illustrates the evolution of the atomic theory. 

The first person to offer a reasonable explanation of the electronic structure of an atom was Niels Bohr, who in 1913 quantitatively explained the source of the lines of light emitted from excited hydrogen atoms. His explanation gave the world the first workable model of the hydrogen atom. 

Planck s revolutionary idea about energy provided the basis for Einstein s explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1906 and for the Danish physicist Niels Bohr s atomic model of the hydrogen atom in 1913. Their success, in turn, lent support to Planck s theories, for which he received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1918. In the mid-1920s the combination of Planck s ideas about the particle-like nature of electromagnetic radiation and Erench physicist Louis de Broglie s hypothesis of the wavelike nature of electrons led to the formulation of quantum mechanics, which is still the accepted theory for the behavior of matter at atomic and subatomic levels. 

In 1913, Niels Bohr introduced his model of the hydrogen atom. He proposed that the single electron of the hydrogen atom could occupy only certain energy levels. He referred to these energy levels as orbits and represented the energy difference between any two adjacent orbits as a single... 

In the summer of 1912, Niels Bohr wrote to his older brother Harald Perhaps I have found out a little about the structure of atoms. His revolutionary model of the atom was published the following year. In an attempt to develop a theoretical model of the hydrogen atom that was consistent with the lines predicted by the Rydberg formula, Bohr proposed the following ... 

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