Blue curves

Figure 5.8 An energy diagram for a typical, enzyme-catalyzed biological reaction (blue curve) versus an uncatalyzed laboratory reaction (red curve). The biological reaction involves many steps, each of which has a relatively small activation energy and small energy change. The end result is the same, however.

FIGURE 8.37 A temperature-composition diagram for benzene and toluene. The lower, blue curve shows the boiling point of the mixture as a function of composition. The upper, orange curve shows the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid at each boiling point. Thus, point B shows the vapor composition for a mixture that boils at point A. 

FIGURE 17.11 The variation in cosmic nuclear abundance with atomic number. Note that elements with even atomic numbers (brown curve) are consistently more abundant than neighboring elements with odd atomic numbers (blue curve). 

Fig. 12. Configurational coordinate diagram of Prussian blue. Curve g gives the ground state Fe(III)-NC-Fe(II) Curve e gives the MMCT state Fe(II)-NC-Fe(III). The optical transition is indicated by E p, whereas Eo gives the energy difference between the two states. See also text (after data in Ref. [66])...

Fig. 5.14 Experimental (a, black curve), fitted (a, red) and simulated (b) NIS spectrum of the Fe (Ill)-azide complex obtained at the BP86ATZVP level (J = 20 K). Bar graphs represent the corresponding intensities of the individual vibrational transitions. The blue curve represents the fitted spectrum with a background line removed (taken from [63])...

Figure 6.10 STS differential conductance spectra taken in constant height (left, blue curves) and constant current (right, blackcurves) modes from the (a) ( j7 x 7)R19.1°, (b) (5 x /3)-rect, (c) (9 x 9) structures, and (d) from the star cluster. The DFT-calculated DOS for the oxygen (red) and vanadium (green) atoms in the star cluster are shown in (d) for comparison. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [23].)...

Figure 44-9a-l Transmittance noise as a function of reference S/N ratio, at various values of sample transmittance. Blue curve T = 1. Green curve T = 0.5. Red curve T = 0.1. (see Color Plate 9)... 

The two key points of Figure 3.4 are the height of the volume differential ( diff. ) and percentage of particles below 40 pm (one gel has a mean of 90% of the particles in the nominal range in comparison with 80% for the others). The blue curve has a much higher... 

Fig. 6.11 Using rollups to efficiently prescreen mixtures for the presence of "hits". In this example, six mixtures of approximately 90 compounds each (A-E) were screened in a dual protein FAC assay (/S-galactosidase, GS1B4). The dashed red and blue curves in each chromatogram represent the breakthroughs of the /S-galactosidase and GSl B4 indicators, respectively, in the absence of the...

Fig. 1 Time series of precipitation intensity (mean wet-day precipitation in mm/ d) from 38 stations in northern Switzerland during the winter. The blue curve denotes the lower and upper quantile of the station values. The bold line depicts the low-pass filtered (11-point binomial filter) median of all station values. Trends (denoted by the straight red line) are estimated from the time series of medians in the station pool. Figure from [13]...

Fig. 44. Spectra for the photoelectromotive force of polycopperphenylacetylenide curve (/) before, curves (22) after immersing in 1 x 10 3 ethanol solution of methylene blue curve (5) - absorption spectrum of the solution [20]...

A plot of V0 vs. V0/[S] for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is shown below. The blue curve was obtained in the absence of inhibitor. Which of the other curves (A, B, or C) shows the enzyme activity when a competitive inhibitor is added to the reaction mixture Hint See Equation 6-30. 

Let s consider the fraction of molecules that collide with a kinetic energy equal to or greater than Emm. Because kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the speed, this fraction can be obtained from the Maxwell distribution of speeds (Section 4.13). As indicated for a specific reaction by the shaded area under the blue curve in Fig. 13.17, at room... 

The vapor pressure of a mixture of two volatile liquids is always intermediate between the vapor pressures of the two pure liquids. Thus, the top (red) and bottom (blue) curves represent pure liquids, and the middle curve (green) represents the mixture. 

FIGURE 13.14 Potential energy profiles for a reaction whose activation energy is lowered by the presence of a catalyst. The activation energy for the catalyzed pathway (red curve) is lower than that for the uncatalyzed pathway (blue curve) by an amount AEa. The catalyst lowers the activation energy barrier for the forward and reverse reactions by exactly the same amount. The catalyst therefore accelerates the forward and reverse reactions by the same factor, and the composition of the equilibrium mixture is unchanged. 

Blue curve represents F. Looking for its intersection with the red 7. horizontal F = 0 line. 

Fig. 7 (continued) 2D projections of the 3D trajectory are shown in gray on the respective axes, (b) Two frames of the wide-held movie that was concomitantly recorded during orbital tracking of a polyplex red dots). The wide-held movie allows the correlation of motion events with cellular structures such as microtubules (green), (c) MSD plot (blue curve) of the blue trajectory presented in (a). The plot is htted (red curve) with = v2A/2 + 6DA/ in contrast to (3), as the factor 6 is specihc for diffusion in three dimensions.Reproduced with permission from Wiley-VCH [75], courtesy of Prof. Don C. Lamb... 

Fig. 2.12 Influence of the electrode radius on the current-time curves under anodic (a) and cathodic (b) limiting conditions (Eq. 2.137) when species R is soluble in the electrolytic solution (solid curves) and when it is amalgamated in the electrode (dashed curves). The electrode radius values (in cm) are rs = 5 x 1CT2 (red curves), rs = 1CT2 (blue curves), and rs = 5 x 10-3 (green curves). c 0 = c R= 1 mM, D0 = Dr = 1CT5 cm2 s-1. (The dashed green curve has been calculated numerically for t > 0.5 s). Reproduced with permission [52]...

E process but with double height is observed. Finally, for very positive values of A Ef (see curves with AEL° = 200 mV in Fig. 3.16a and b), the response of the EE mechanism is indistinguishable from that obtained for a single charge transfer of two electrons (see dashed blue curve). 

Thus, the typical behavior of surface concentrations for a two-electron E mechanism is observed (100 % character E2e-), and hence the corresponding typical voltagram is obtained (see dashed blue curve in Fig. 3.16b). 

Fig. 7 EET in the CC P4 including solvent induced modulations. Shown are the chromophore excited state populations, blue curve rn = 1, red curve m = 2, black curve m = 3, green curve rn = 4. Upper panel averaged populations (across a time slice of 10 ps), lower panel non-averaged populations in a 5 ps time window.

Fig. 2 A segment taken from the time series of a nonadiabatic trajectory. The blue curve is the times series for Ro, the red curve indicates the surface on which the trajectory is evolving, where a value of 2 on the Ro axis corresponds to the ground state (1,1), 3 corresponds to the mean surface (1,2) or (2,1), and 4 corresponds to the excited state (2,2). During the evolution on the mean surface and excited state surface the trajectory is confined to the barrier region where it may cross the barrier. In contrast, when the trajectory is on the ground state surface the system stabilizes in one well or the other.

Fig. 3 Forward rate coefficient kAB(t) as a function of time for f3 = 1.0. The upper (blue) curve is the adiabatic rate, the purple curve is the result obtained by Tully s surface-hopping algorithm, the middle (black) curve is the quantum master equation result, the green curve is the QCL result, and the lowest dashed line (grey) is the result using mean-field dynamics.

Fig. 16 Response of a biosensor versus analyte concentration as described by (1). The signal density (in arbitrary units) depends on the Kq value of the capture probes [dark curves (high capture probe density) vs. light curves (low capture probe density)], and on the capture probe density [red curves (low Kq) vs. blue curves (high ATd)]. The green horizontal line represents the threshold signal density required to obtain a signal distinguishable from noise. High capture probe density and high Kq (dark blue curve) can result in lower limits of detection than low capture probe density and low Kv (light red curve)...

Figure 5.4. Left. The overall SZ effect in Coma produced by the combination of various electron populations thermal hot gas with ksT = 8.2 keV and r = 4.9 10-3 (solid blue curve) which best fits the available SZ data relativistic electrons which best fit the radio-halo spectrum (yellow curve) provide a small additional SZ effect (Colafrancesco 2004a) warm gas with ksT v 0.1 keV and n 10-3 cm-3 (cyan curve) provides a small SZ effect due to its low pressure (Colafrancesco 2004c) DM produced secondary electrons with Mx = 10 (black dotted curve), 20 GeV (black solid curve) and 30 GeV (dashed solid curve). A pure-gaugino x reference model is assumed in the computations. The relative overall SZ effect is shown as the dotted, solid and dashed red curves, respectively. A zero peculiar velocity of Coma is assumed consistently with the available limits. SZ data are from OVRO (magenta), WMAP (cyan) and MITO (blue). Right. The constraints on the

Fig. 5 (a) The contact potential difference (CPD) measured between the gold-coated monolayer of polyalanine and a gold substrate as a function of temperature, (b-d) The photoelectron spectra that were measured at 297 K, 264 K, and 250 K, respectively. The signal intensity is plotted vs the photoejected electrons kinetic energy. The photon energy used is 5 eV. Separate spectra are shown for a clockwise circularly polarized (+ red curve) photon beam and a counterclockwise circularly polarized (— blue curve) photon beam, (c) The photoelectron spectrum at 264 K, where the CPD is zero (see a). Here the spectrum does not depend on laser polarization and does not exhibit a broad resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW B 68, 115418 (2003). Copy right permission granted. 

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