Blue blood

Hemocyanins (He) are oxygen-transport proteins found in the blood of insects, Crustacea and other invertebrates (MW 105-107) (20). One of the smallest He (MW 450,000) extracted from spiny lobster consists of six subunits, each containing two Cu atoms. Upon oxygenation, the deoxy-form (Cu(I), colorless) turns to blue (Cu(II), blue blood ) by binding one molecule of O2 per two Cu atoms. Freedman et al. (21) measured the RR spectra of oxy-Hc extracted from Crustacea and observed the v(02) near 750 cm-1, which shifts to 705 cm-1 upon 1602/1802 substitution. In contrast to oxy-Hr, the two O atoms of the coordinated O2 were found to be equivalent since... 

Microcosmic salt bead test reducing flame, cold - blue blood-red when fused with a trace of iron(II) sulphate. 

Crustaceans have blue blood because of a copper compound called hemocyanin. IMAGE COPYRIGHT 2009, DMITRIJS MIHEJEVS. USED UNDER LICENSE FROM SHUTTERSTOCK.COM. 

Anonymous. Blue blood, The horseshoe crab, The history of Limulus and Endotoxin. . Site verified as of June 2006. 

In 1968, Martin Luther King and Senator Robert Kennedy were assassinated. New York s Columbia University Students rioted over US actions in Vietnam. In April 1970, the US blue blood establishment was shocked out of its complacency when six thousand of their sons and daughters rioted at Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

They all have blue blood. And we re not talking royalty here — these creatures literally have blue blood. 

In certain copper-containing proteins the copper appears to serve principally in electron transport with no evidence of CU-O2 interaction, such as in cytochrome oxidase. Of importance, however, is that many copper proteins and enzymes participate in reactions in which the oxygen molecule is directly or indirectly involved. An example is hemocyanin, the oxygen carrier in the blood of certain sea animals such as snails, octopus, and Crustacea. Oxygenated hemocyanin is blue and the cephalopods (crabs and lobsters) are literally the blue bloods of the animal kingdom. Hemocyanins are giant molecules of MW > 10 that occur free in solution. 

Crustacea glossary. The content of this site is impressive. http //deltaclon.es/pd HlT302.pdf HBT endotoxin tests limulus amoebocyte chromogenic endpoint assay. This downloadable document gives some information on the use of the blue blood of Limulus (the Hbt LAL test), http //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe crab Horseshoe crab. See also http / /www.ceoe.udel.edu/horseshoecrab/ http / /www.beach-net.com/horseshoe/Bayhorsecrab.html... 

---