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Blood response polymeric surfaces

Biomedical materials include metals, ceramics, natural polymers (biopolymers), and synthetic polymers of simple or complex chemical and/or physical structure. This volume addresses, to a large measure, fundamental research on phenomena related to the use of synthetic polymers as blood-compatible biomaterials. Relevant research stems from major efforts to investigate clotting phenomena related to the response of blood in contact with polymeric surfaces, and to develop systems with nonthrombogenic behavior in short- and long-term applications. These systems can be used as implants or replacements, and they include artificial hearts, lung oxygenators, hemodialysis systems, artificial blood vessels, artificial pancreas, catheters, etc. [Pg.459]

Blood responses. Blood is the fluid which transports body nutrients and waste products to and from the extravscular tissue and organs, and as such is a vital and special body tissue. The major response of blood to any foreign surface (which includes most extravascular surfaces of the body s own tissues) is first to deposit a layer of proteins and then, within seconds to minutes, a thrombus composed of blood cells and fibrin (a fibrous protein). The character of the thrombus will depend on the rate and pattern of blood flow in the vicinity. Thus, the design of the biomaterial system is particularly important for cardiovascular implants and devices. The thrombus may break off and flow downstream as an embolus and this can be a very dangerous event. In some cases the biomaterial interface may eventually "heal" and become covered with a "passive" layer of protein and/or cells. Growth of a continuous monolayer of endothelial cells onto this interface is the one most desirable end-point for a biomaterial in contact with blood. Figure 10 summarizes possible blood responses to polymeric biomaterials. [Pg.25]


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