Blood oxygenation systems

The other hormone of note synthesized by kidney is erythropoietin (EPO), a glycosylated peptide hormone (molecular weight approximately 50 000), which promotes red blood cell formation and is secreted in response to poor oxygen perfusion (hypoxia) of the kidney. This, along with the control of blood pressure via the RAA system illustrates the importance of the kidney in regulating aspects of the blood vascular system. Further details of EPO can be found in Chapter 5. 

Sensation provides the input to the system. The sources of sensory information can be outside your body through one of the five primary senses sight, sound, taste, smell, and touch. The source of information can also be inside your body. The nervous system receives and monitors information such as your blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood oxygen level. 

In recent years, many investigations have been conducted, including clinical trials, with bioartificial fiver devices using either animal or human liver cells. Likewise, many reports have been made with various designs of bioartificial fiver device [19]. However, there are no established fiver support systems that can be used routinely in the same way as hemodialyzers or blood oxygenators. Today, bioartificial fiver devices can be used to assist the fiver functions of patients with fiver failure on only a partial and/or a temporary basis. Moreover, none of these devices can excrete bile, as does the human fiver. 

The use of siloxane polymers in applications such as separation membranes, drug release systems, and blood oxygenators requires extensive permeability studies. This, of course, also involves measurements of diffusivity and solubility.16... 

Somatic versus autonomic. The somatic nervous system comprises functions that are conscious - conscious sensations such as touch, temperature, pain etc., and voluntary movements. Conversely, the autonomic nervous system deals with unconscious sensory input such as blood pressure, blood oxygen and carbon dioxide lev-els and the likewise unconscious regulatory responses to it. 

De Luca M, Smith S, De Stefano N, Eederico A, Matthews PM (2005) Blood oxygenation level dependent contrast resting state networks are relevant to functional activity in the neocortical sensorimotor system. Exp Brain Res 167(4) 587—594 DeLong MR (1990) Primate models of movement disorders of basal gtmglia origin. Trends Neurosci 13 281-285... 

Figure 15.1 The fiber optic oximetry catheter. (From Sperinde J M and Seneli K M 1987 The Oximetrix Opticath oximetry system theory and development Continuous Measurement of Blood Oxygen Saturation in the High Risk Patient vol 2, ed P J Fahey (Chicago Abbott Laboratories) pp 59-75 with permission.)...

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