Blood immunological crystallization

Hemocuprein has already been crystallized in 1938 from bovine erythrocytes . It contained 0.34 % Cu and was also present in small amounts in blood serum. Similar proteins have been isolated from the erythrocytes of other mammals and from tissues like liver and brain and named accordingly erythrocuprein (human erythrocytes) , hepatocuprein (bovine and equine liver), cerebrocuprein (human brain). All these proteins were called cytocupreins, as they showed the same Cu content and value, a weak absorption in the visible, a lack of enzymatic activity, and for a given species an immunological identity. These cytocupreins were found, moreover, to contain 2 mol of Zn besides 2 mol of Cu per Af, of 33,600 . 

In an in vivo animal study, at doses not causing crystalluria or tissue crystal deposition, short term exposure to acyclovir caused increased renal vasoconstriction and an associated fall in renal blood flow and single nephron plasma flow [22]. Longer-term treatment resulted in a fall in glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient. Thus, it is not clear whether the pathogenesis of acyclovir-induced AKI in humans reflects an obstructive nephropathy from intratubular precipitation of acyclovir, a hemodynamic response, or a type of toxic, immunologic, or hypersensitivity reaction. It is also possible that more than one process may be involved. 

Silver RF, Crystal RG, Moller DR. Fimited heterogeneity of biased T-cell receptor V beta gene usage in lung but not blood T cells in active pulmonary sarcoidosis. Immunology 1996 88(4) 516-523. 

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