Blood cooling

Mu Dan Pi is also used as deputy because it can particularly reduce the deficient heat in the blood, cool the blood and promote the blood circulation. 

Yu Jin is pungent, bitter and cold, and is able to invigorate the Liver-blood. It moves with high speed, can break up congealed blood, cool the blood and stop bleeding. 

It is perfectly o.k., when the power goes out, to simply put the blood in the refrigerator where it will at least stay cool, and instruct everyone to leave the refrigerator door shut as much as possible, so as to keep the blood cool. If the refrigerator stays cool, then I would say that the blood can be used for as long as 12 hours. When the power comes on, I would expose it to another full eight minutes in the machine. 

Convection heat loss may or may not be significant. Tissue and organ BU depend upon the convection of the blood flow to maintain a constant and uniform internal thermal environment. We often think of blood as heating the tissues through which it flows, but a heat balance requires that for the blood to heat some tissues it must cool others. The brain and liver are two organs for which blood cooling is especially important. 

Physical conditioning is the most important preventative mea sure for preventing heat stress. The frequency of breaks is also important. Proper hydration of personnel can be a major help as heat loading of the body demands additional fluid be used to cool the organs via the blood. Cooling garments can also help in the battle against heat stress. 

The temperatures monitored in Fig. 5.2 are used by the brain to regulate shivering, blood flow to the skin, and sweating. The sensed temperatures also contribute to our overall feelings of warmth and other thermal sensations. 7 hermal sensation (TS) can be predicted over a wide range of activities (0.8 to 4 met) from simple deviations in the mean body temperature (T j,) from the mean bodv temperature when the person feels neither warm or cool but neutral (Fig. 5.2). 

Ethyl chloroglyoxylate (2-vinylphenyl)hydrazone (14a 0.253 g, 1 mmol) in benzene (10 mL) was treated with Et,N (0.500 g, 5 mmol) in benzene (2mL). The mixture was heated under reflux for 5 h, cooled, diluted with H20 (50 mL) and extracted with henzene. The organic phase was washed with sat. hrine, dried (MgSOt) and evaporated yield 0.197 g (91 %) blood-red crystals mp 107-108X. 

Various clinical manifestations may be present in a patient in shock. For example, in the early stages of shock the extremities may be warm because compensatory mechanisms are initiated and the blood flow to the skin and extremities is maintained. If the condition is untreated, the skin and extremities become cool and clammy because of the failure of the compensatory mechanisms and the progression of shock. Thus, more advanced shock may be referred to as... 

A general survey of the patient also is necessary. It is important to look for additional symptoms of shock, such as cool skin, cyanosis, diaphoresis, and a change in the level of consciousness. Other assessments may be necessary if the hypotensive episode is due to trauma, severe infection, or blood loss. 

Figure 6. Survival as a function of cooling rate for human red blood cells suspended in physiological saline containing the indicated concentrations of glycerol, cooled to -196 °C, and warmed rapidly. Glycerol was absent in the bottom curve. (The data are from Morris and Farrant (1972) and Mazur and Miller (1976). The figure is modified from Souzu and Mazur (1978).)...

The alkaline sodium sulphite solution may be replaced by saturated amtnonlum sulphite solution prepared as follows. Pass sulphur dioxide into a mixture of 1 part of concentrated ammonia solution (sp. gr. 0-88) and two parts of crushed ice in a freezing mixture imtil the liquid smells strongly of sulphur dioxide, and then neutralise with ammonia solution. This solution slowly deposits ammonium sulphite crystals and contains about 0-25 g. of SOj per ml. Use 60 ml. of this ice-cold ammonium sulphite solution to which 8 ml. of concentrated ammonia solution are added. After the addition of the solution of p-nitrophenyldiazonium chloride, allow the mixture to stand for 1 hour in a freezing mixture, filter oft the yellow precipitate of ammonium p-nitrophenyUiydrazine disulphonate, heat it on a water bath with 20 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 70-80° for 7 minutes, cool the blood-red solution, and dissolve the resulting precipitate of p-nitrophenylhydr-azine hydrochloride and ammonium salts in water, and isolate the base as above. 

Height 168 cm (5 ft, 6 in), weight 60 kg (132 lbs), temperature 38.9°C (102°F), heart rate 98 beats/minute, blood pressure 98/55 mm Hg, respiratory rate 30 breaths/minute, alert and oriented x 3, mucous membranes and skin appear cool and dry, tachycardic, tachypneic, lungs clear... 

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