Bleaching membrane application

Afonso MD and De Pinho MN. Treatment of bleaching effluents by pressure-driven membrane processes—a review. In Membrane Technology Applications to Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Cuetano et al., Eds., Kluwer Academic, The Netherlands, 1995. 

Following an occupational exposure, it is vital that healthcare workers are cognizant of institutional policies and procedures to allow for the timely and organized collection of data and initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis if indicated. Institutions must have policies and procedures in place to react quickly to occupational exposure to avoid unnecessary delays in therapy. The date and time, details pertaining to the type of activity being performed, nature of the exposure (type, amount, severity, percutaneous, mucous membrane, time of contact, condition of skin), and details about the source (HIV infected, viral load, history of antiretroviral therapy) should be recorded in the healthcare worker s medical record. It is recommended that skin sites or wounds that are contaminated should be washed with soap and water. The use of antiseptics may be considered, but application of caustic substances such as bleach is not recommended, as this would compromise the integrity of the skin barrier. Mucous membranes should be flushed extensively with water. 

Isono Y, Nakajima M (2000) Membrane phase separation of aqueous/alcohol biphase mixture and its application for enzyme bioreactor. Prog Biotechnol 16 63-68 Jaspers CJ, Jimenez G, Penninckx MJ (1994) Evidence for a role of manganese peroxidase in the decolorization of Kraft pulp bleach plant effluent by Phanerochaete chrysosporium effects of initial culture conditions on enzyme production. J Biotechnol 37(3) 229-234 Johannes C, Majeherezyk A, Huttermaim A (1996) Degradation of anthracene by laccase ofTram-etes versicolor in the presence of different mediator compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 46(3) 313-317... 

Austrian patent 3 562 28 is concerned with refining in miscella. Degumming is achieved by membrane ultrafiltration of the miscella which is then refined by passing it through a silica or aluminium oxide column. If necessary the oil can be bleached in miscella after which the solvent is distilled off and the oil deodorized. UK Patent application 2 118 568A also uses membrane ultrafiltration of a miscella. In this case a phosphatide solute and ammonia or other specified neutralizing chemical are added to the miscella before ultrafiltration. 

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