Blast induced loading

The plan (outline) and elevation profiles of a blast resistant building should be as clean and simple as possible. Reentrant comers and offsets, in particular, should be avoided. Such features, create local high concentrations of blast loading. The orientation of the building should be such that the blast induced loads are reduced as much as possible. This requires that as small an area of the building as possible should face the most probable source of an explosion. 

The side walls are defined relative to the explosion source as shown in Figure 3.6. These walls will experience less blast loading than the front wall, due to lack of overpressure reflection and to attenuation of the blast wave with distance from the explosion source. In certain cases, the actual side wall loading is combined with other blast induced forces (such as in-plane forces for exterior shear walls). The general form of side wall blast loading is shown in-Figure 3.8,... 

An object struck by a blast wave experiences a loading. This loading has two aspects. First, the incident wave induces a transient pressure distribution over the... 

In summary, an object s blast loading has two components. The first is a transient pressure distribution induced by the overpressure of the blast wave. This component of blast loading is determined primarily by reflection and lateral rarefaction of the reflected overpressure. The height and duration of reflected overpressure are determined by the peak side-on overpressure of the blast wave and the lateral dimensions of the object, respectively. The Blast loading of objects with substantial... 

It is important to assess the potential for such loading to the NPP through identification of sources in the site vicinity (e.g. airports, arsenals, pipelines, transportation routes, petrochemical facilities, etc.). The lack of such an assessment represents a deviation from NUSS 50-SG-D5. Plants without a structural containment such as WWER-440 NPPs, may be vulnerable to external man-induced events which generate extreme "blast" and "impact" type loading. 

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