Bituminous coal mining

F. ferro-oxidants is capable of accelerating the oxidation of pyritic (FeSj) deposits at acid pH values. It is usually found in association with Thio-bacillus and was known as Thiobacillus ferroxidans before the distinction between the two organisms was appreciated. It is responsible for pollution problems arising from acid waters in gold and bituminous coal mines such waters are corrosive to pumping machinery and mining installations (see Fig. 2.20). 

Gas, Coat Mine or Firedamp. A mixture of methane (CH4) and air, usually present in "gaseous (fiery) coal mines", such as soft (bituminous) coal mines... 

In Chap 19 of Ref 63, pp285—98, is described the development of "Bituminous Coal Mines , with recommended expls for blasting rock faces DuPont Gelobel AA , while "Monobel AA or even lower density AN... 

Flame safety lamp as a detector for firedamp) 10)W.M-Schweickart, USP 2195842 (1940) CA 34, 5275 ( 1940) (App for empirical detnof dust in bituminous coal mines) 10a)J.Formanek, H ornikyVestnik 22,... 

Colmer, A.R., Temple, K.L. and Hinkle, M.E., 1950. An iron-oxidizing bacterium from the acid drainage of some bituminous coal mines. J. Bacteriol., 59 317—328. 

Carpenter, L. and Herndon, L., 1933. Acid mine drainage from bituminous coal mines. University of West Virginia Engineering Experimental Station Research Bulletin No. 10, 37 pp. 

Siderite and rhodocrosite may approach saturation when acid mine waters are neutralized by contact with carbonate rocks. Figure 6.18 shows the trend toward saturation with respect to carbonate minerals of some surface waters and groundwaters affected by bituminous coal mining (Gang and Langmuir 1974). Plotted are the saturation indices of various metal carbonates versus the index for calcite. The plots show that siderite and rhodocrosite reach equilibrium in some streams (probably because of CO2 loss), whereas calcite and the other carbonates remain undersaturated in all samples. 

K. L. Temple and E. W. Delchamps, "Autotrophic Bacteria and the Formation of Acid in Bituminous Coal Mines," Appi. Microbiol, 1 255 (1953). 

Leathen, W.W. 1952. Microhiological studies of bituminous coal mine drainage. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Health Industrial Eellowship No. 326B-6. 

Temple, K.L. and Koehler, W.A. 1954. Drainage from bituminous coal mines. West VA. Univ. BuU. Eng. Expt. 

In animal experiments the inhalation of soot increased mucus formation (Knauff 1867, Gross 1927). In rabbits and mongrel dogs kept underground in a bituminous coal mine (about 50 mg coal dust/m ) nearly continuously for up to 6 years, Schiller (1958) found a hypertrophy of the bronchial epithelium with a prevalence of goblet cells after 3 years exposure, but an atrophy at 6 years exposure. In the bronchioles, Clara cells showed an increase in apocrine secretion. 

In mongrel dogs kept underground in a German bituminous coal mine up to six years continuously (i.e. 24 h a day, 7 days a week), Schiller (1956) found the dust particles in the peribronchial and perivascular lymph sheaths, while the alveoh were bare of dust. 

In the final section of his report, Nagy explains that he feels it appropriate to quote from a Bureau of Mines 1954 Miners Circular called Explosions and Fires in Bituminous Coal Mines, written some 35 years before the accident. He also cites an abstract of a Bureau of Mines paper he co-authored with Ward Stahl in 1967 entitled Stop Playing with Fire. ... 

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