Bismuth solar cell

An interesting idea has been to prepare the photosensitive electrode on site having the liquid play the dual role of a medium for anodic film growth on a metal electrode and a potential-determining redox electrolyte in the electrochemical solar cell. Such integration of the preparation process with PEC realization was demonstrated initially by Miller and Heller [86], who showed that photosensitive sulfide layers could be grown on bismuth and cadmium electrodes in solutions of sodium polysulfide and then used in situ as photoanodes driving the... 

The low-melting-point (157 °C), silver metal is mainly used in alloys to decrease the melting point. Combined with tin, lead, and bismuth to produce soldering metal for wide temperature ranges. The element is highly valuable in the electronics age as its unique properties are ideal for solar cells, optoelectronics, and microwave equipment. The arsenide is used in lasers and is also suitable for transistors. ITO (indium tin oxide) is a transparent semiconductor with wide application in displays, touchscreens, etc. In the household, indium as an additive prevents the tarnishing of silverware. Some electronic wristwatches contain indium batteries. 

Bhattacharya, R. N. Pramanik, P. 1982. Semiconductor liquid junction solar cell based on chemically deposited Bi2S3 thin film and some semiconducting properties of bismuth chalcogenides. J. Electrochem. Soc. 129 332-335. 

II-VI (or more correctly 12,16) compound semiconductors can be synthesized electrochemicaUy in a number of ways. In the case of sulfides, one of the simplest methods is to anodize the parent metal in an alkaline sulfide solution. This method has been used to grow films of CdS on cadmium as well as 81283 on bismuth [45—47] for appHcation in photoelectrochemical solar cells [46, 48-50]. Generally, however, this method is not useful for soHd-state PV devices, where CdS layers are commonly deposited from a chemical bath. By contrast, cathodic synthesis of II-VI semiconductors from aqueous solutions has been developed extensively. 

Major Applications Solar cells, cosmetics, determination of aluminum, nickel, bismuth, thallium, lead, zinc, palladium, mercury, proteins, " lipids ... 

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