Bismuth mixed halides

But first the synthesis had to come John was interested in reduced metal halides, particularly for the post-transition metals cadmium, galHum, and bismuth (his Ph.D. dissertation was on anhydrous aluminum halides and mixed halide intermediates, a good start for what was to come ). However, he was not yet actively interested in rare-earth metals and their remarkable solubility in their halides. But these elements lured him one floor below where Adrian Daane headed the metallurgy section of Spedding s empire. He knew how to produce rare-earth metals with high purity and in sufficient quantity and also how to handle tantalum containers. What if one gave it a tr/ and reduced some rare-earth metal halides (John insists that this term is used correctly) from their respective metals at high temperatures under appropriate conditions. 

Bismuth is an important element in many of the new high-temperature, oxide superconductors and in a variety of heterogeneous mixed oxide catalysts. Some of the methods employed in the preparation of these materials, namely sol-gel and chemical vapor deposition processes, require bismuth alkoxides as precursors and a number of papers on these compounds have recently been published.1 One synthetic route to bismuth alkoxides, which avoids the more commonly used trihalide starting materials and the often troublesome separation of alkali metal halides, involves the reaction between a bismuth amide and an alcohol according to the following equation ... 

Mixed bismuth-metal oxychlorides with or without added alkali or alkaline earth cations show low to moderate catalytic performance in the dehydroha-logenation of f rf-butyl halides [93BCJ347]. A Bi-Pd (Bi/Pd = 0.4-0.6) binary system supported on metal oxides is found to be an efficient catalyst for the dehydrohalogenation of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (FC-113) to trifluoroethene, a key intermediate to FC-134a, with 80-90% selectivity at 80-100% conversion [91CL841] (Scheme 5.23). 

Fromherz and his colleagues began in 1927 a study of the halide complexes of the family tin(II), thallium(I), and lead(II), > > where the corresponding gaseous ions contain two s electrons. The present author has measured antimony(III), while Hume and Newman studied bismuth(III). This family became interesting to solid state physicists investigating the mixed crystals with alkali halides, and Seitz proposed, 1938, that the weaker band of T1(I) in such crystals is caused by the atomic transition Sq(6s ) —> Pi(6s6 ), while the stronger band is caused by... 

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