Bismuth depth profile

The measurements of F depth profiles in chipped flints have been realised using the 4.7 keV wide 872 keV 19F(p,a12.3y)160 resonance. This reaction provides a good depth resolution (about 100 nm in Si02). The 4-7.5 MeV y-rays are detected with a BGO (bismuth germanium oxide) detector at 0°C with respect to the incident beam. The flint artefacts can be settled in the vacuum chamber as whole pieces without any sample preparation [35],... 

Figure 9 Depth profiles of (A) bismuth in the central North Pacific (solid symbols 28°N 155°W Lee et al., 1985/86) and in the western North Atlantic (open symbols near Bermuda Lee etal., 1985/86), and (B) h in the western North Pacific (solid symbols 23°N 158°W Roy-Barman et al., 1996) and in the eastern North Atlantic (open symbols 51°N, 43°W Chen et al., 1986).

FIGURES. Vertical profile of dissolved bismuth at North Pacific Ocean (17° 30 N, 109° OO W water depth, 3550m) (modified from Reference 108)... 

At site A in Table 16, concentrations of all metals in the second soil-core depth were higher than those in the first soil-core depth. Bismuth and antimony concentrations in the soil core under the second core depth were less than those of natural concentrations, 0.34 and 0.37 /rgg , respectively. At sites B and C, the profiles of metal concentrations were somewhat different from those in site A The difference is probably due to dissimilarities in pollution history, surrounding circumstances and properties of soil. 

Bismuth (Bi) exists in the + 3 oxidation state in sea water, probably as the reactive cationic oxyhydr-oxide species, BiO and Bi(OFI)2, with a minor contribution from Bi(OFI)3. Dissolved bismuth ranges from 25 to 450fmolkg, with the lowest concentrations in the deep North Pacific and the highest at mid-depth (600 m). Vertical profiles of bismuth are... 

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