Biotransformed cellulose pulp

The benefits of biotransformed cellulose pulp (discussed in Section 4.3) in connection with its technological simplicity and economical effectiveness promote this biotechnological method as the most useful way of processing pulp into fibres. The modification of cellulose structure during biotransformation has definitely improved the main properties of cellulose pulp such as solubility in aqueous sodium hydroxide and chemical reactivity leading towards obtaining ... 

The practical application of cellulose pulps for different processes is connected with the selection of different methods for modifying this valuable raw material in order to improve its reactivity and solubility. The cellulose modification process can be conducted by chemical (alkalisation), physical (irradiation) " or biochemical (enzymatic transformation) methods. Two major modified strains of Aspergillus nigeP and Trichoderma ree et have been selected as being the best producers of enzymes suitable for biotransformation of softwood- and hardwood-originated pulps. 

There are great opportunities to obtain the most reactive biotransformed cellulose, which can be utilised for preparation of cellulosic products such as fibres, films, derivatives, sponges, etc. The enzymatic transformation of pulps into direct soluble cellulose (Celsol) is shown schematically in Fig. 4.21. 

Neither overall degradation nor saccharification of cellulose is a required phenomenon in the biotransformation process of pulps. The controlled... 

Due to the environmental risk caused by the use of carbon disulphide in the viscose process, attempts have been made to develop new types of processes for fibre production from cellulose, such as pulp directly dissolved in organic solvents, e.g. A -methylmorpholine-Af-oxide (NMMO) application of cellulose derivatives such as cellulose carbamate and dissolving pulp in aqueous sodium hydroxide (biotransformed pulp). ... 

The spinning of regenerated cellulose fibres (Celsol) using an alkaline solution of biotransformed pulp and acidic regeneration bath, to produce the... 

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