Biotin protein synthesis

Dakshinamnrti K and Litvak S (1970) Biotin and protein synthesis in rat livei. Journal of Biological Chemistry 245, 5600-5. 

This enzyme is a biotin protein. It also catalyses transcarboxylation reactions. The reaction shown here is an important step in fatty acid synthesis utilising malonyl CoA as an intermediate. It may be assayed radiochemically using C labelled KHCO3 in a reaction which is stopped by the addition of 6 N HCl [180]. 

Boeckx RLD and Dakshinamurti K. Biotin-medicated protein synthesis. Biochem. J. 140 549-556 (1974). 

The power of the pooled GST fusion protein approach will increase as new biochemical reagents and assays become available. The development of chemical probes for biological processes, termed chemical biology, is a rapidly advancing field. For example, the chemical synthesis of an active site directed probe for identification of members of the serine hydrolase enzyme family has recently been described (Liu et al., 1999). The activity of the probe is based on the potent and irreversible inhibition of serine hydrolases by fluorophosphate (FP) derivatives such as diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The probe consists of a biotinylated long-chain fluorophosphonate, called FP-biotin (Liu et al., 1999). The FP-biotin was tested on crude tissue extracts from various organs of the rat. These experiments showed that the reagent can react with numerous serine hydrolases in crude extracts and can detect enzymes at subnanomolar... 

W3. Wakil, S. J., and Gibson, D. M., Studies on the mechanism of fatty acid synthesis. VIII. The participation of protein bound biotin in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 41, 122-129 (1960). 

Scheme 21 Tethered biotin in carboxyiase activity. Biotin is tethered to carboxyiase proteins and serves as the hoider of CO2 units for fatty acid synthesis.

Acetyl CoA carboxylase Fatty acid synthesis of raw eggs (contain avidin, a biotin-binding protein)... 

Most of the sulfur in plants occurs in proteins, especially in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. Other essential compounds that contain sulfur are coenzyme A, a compound essential for cellular respiration and for the synthesis and breakdown of fatty acids, and the vitamins thiamine and biotin. Sulfur can be absorbed by leaves as gaseous sulfur dioxide, S02, an environmental pollutant released from active volcanoes and from the burning of wood or fossil fuels. 

The Thil gene, which encodes aother sulfurtransferase protein, is also needed.3743 The enzymology of the insertion of this sulfur into the thiazole is uncertain but may resemble that involved in synthesis of biotin, lipoic acid, and molybdopterin.374 Linkage of the two parts of the thiamin molecule (step d, Fig. 25-21) is catalyzed by thiamin phosphate synthase, evidently via an SN2 type reaction.377-37713... 

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