Bioreactors Small-scale culture systems

Whatever the scale or method of culture (T-flask, Schott bottle, spinner flask, or bioreactor), the temperature of the culture medium with which the cells are in contact is always a fundamental state variable, because it interferes with growth and the production process. However, it is a process variable that is easy to monitor and control. On a small scale the culture flask is usually put in a thermostatically controlled incubator, where the measured value of a thermometer sends a sign to turn the heating on or off ( on-off control ). In bioreactors, there are equivalent systems, as will be seen later. Usually, however, a resistance thermometer sensor type is used (resistance temperature detector or RTD), the electric... 

Figure 4.3 Overview on typical cultivation systems and bioreactors for mammalian cells, (a) Static culture systems for small scale, (b) Dynamic culture systems for small scale, (c) Dynamic culture systems...

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